Table 1.
CBD effects in psychiatric disorders.
| Behavioral effect | Model | CBD dose/concentration range | Route of administration/schedule | Species/Strain | Mechanisms investigated | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRECLINICAL STUDIES | ||||||
| Antidepressant-like | Forced Swimming Test (FST) | 30 mg/kg | Acute, i.p. | Swiss mice | 5HT1A | Zanelati et al., 2010 |
| FST and Tail Suspension Test (TST) | 200 mg/kg | Acute, i.p. | Swiss Webster mice (FST) DBA/2 mice (TST) | Not determinated | El-Alfya et al., 2010 | |
| FST | 30 mg/kg | Acute and chronic, i.p. | Wistar rats | – | Réus et al., 2011 | |
| Antidepressant-/Anxiolytic-like | Chronic Unpredictable Stress | 30 mg/kg | Chronic, i.p. | GFAP-thymidine kinase (GFAP-TK) transgenic mice | CB1, increased neurogenesis and anandamide levels | Campos et al., 2013b |
| Novelty Suppressed Feeding | C57BL6 mice | |||||
| Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) | ||||||
| Antidepressant-like | FST and TST | 3 and 30 mg/kg | Acute and chronic, i.p. | Swiss mice | Increased neurogenesis | Schiavon et al., 2016 |
| Olfactory bulbectomy | 50 mg/kg | Acute and chronic, i.p. | C57BL6 mice | 5HT1A | Linge et al., 2016 | |
| FST | Intracerebral (mPFC), acute | Wistar rats | 5HT1A | Sartim et al., 2016 | ||
| FST | 30 mg/kg | Acute, i.p. | Swiss mice | Not determinated | Breuer et al., 2016 | |
| Saccharin consumption test | 30 mg/kg | Oral, acute | Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat | Not determinated | Shoval et al., 2016 | |
| Antipsychotic | Repeated administration of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 | 15–60 mg/kg | 14 days, i.p. | C57BL6/J mice | Attenuated parvalbumin loss and glial activation in the mPFC, | Gomes et al., 2015a,b |
| Amphetamine sensitization model Prepulse inhibition (PPI) | 100 ng/0.5 μL | Intra-NAc shell/acute | Sprague Dawley rats | Attenuated PPI disruption and increased dopamine system activity via a mTOR/p70S6Kinase signaling pathway | Renard et al., 2016 | |
| Acute administration of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 | 5 mg/kg | Acute, i.p. | Swiss mice | TRPV1 receptors | Long et al., 2006 | |
| Anxiolytic-like | EPM Vogel‘s conflict test | 30 nmol | Intra-periqueductal gray matter | Wistar rats | 5HT1A | Campos and Guimarães, 2008 |
| EPM | 60 nmol | Intra-periqueductal gray matter | Wistar rats | TRPV1 | Campos and Guimarães, 2009 | |
| Predator threat-induced long lasting behavioral alterations | 5 mg/kg | 7 days, i.p. | Wistar rats | 5HT1A | Campos et al., 2012a | |
| Elevated T-Maze | 5 mg/kg | 21 days, i.p. | Wistar rats | 5HT1A | Campos et al., 2013a | |
| Marble burying | 15–60 mg/kg | Acute, i.p. | Swiss mice | CB1 | Casarotto et al., 2010 | |
| Anxiogenic-like | Contextual Fear conditioning | 10 mg/kg | 14 days, i.p. | Lister-hooded rats | Decreased levels of the phosphorylated form of ERK1/2 in the PFC | ElBatsh et al., 2012 |
| CLINICAL STUDIES | ||||||
| Antipsychotic | Double blind controlled clinical trial | 600–800 mg | 28 days, oral | Schizophrenia patients | Reduces psychotic symptoms similar to amisulpride | Leweke et al., 2012 |
| Placebo-controlled clinical trial | Not informed | Oral | Schizophrenia patients | Reduces psychotic symptoms in patients that have previously failed to respond adequately to first line anti-psychotic medications | GW Pharmaceuticals, 2015 | |
| Anxiolytic | 400 mg | Acute, oral | ↓ Subjective anxiety and ↑ mental sedation. | Crippa et al., 2004 | ||
| ↓ Blood Flow in posterior cingulated cortex and Amygdala/Bed nucleus of stria terminalis and ↑ in left parahippocampal gyrus | ||||||
| 600 mg | Acute, oral | ↓ Blood-oxygen-level dependent contrast imaging (BOLD) of amydala signal and amygdala-anterior cingulated connectivity during fearful faces presentations | Fusar-Poli et al., 2009, 2010 | |||
| 600 mg | Acute, oral | ↓ Activation left temporal and insular cortex during motor inhibition task | Borgwardt et al., 2008 | |||
i.p., intraperitoneal; mPFC, medial prefrontal córtex; ↓, decreases; ↑, increases.