Table 4.
The FTO variants on food intakes and related parameters
| FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms | date | Study design | The risk alleles | subjects | N(sex) | region | Types of food intake and related parameters | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs1421085 | 2013 | 12 prospective cohorts study | T/C | adults | 7,724 | European descent |
the BMI-increasing minor allele was associated with higher protein intake (P=9.96×10-10) | [78] |
| rs8050136 | 2013 | prospective cohorts study | A/T | Multiethnic adult (23-74y) | 36,973 | 5 racial/ ethnic groups |
Macronutrient intake (carbohydrate, protein, ethanol, and fat) (P <0.01) positive correlation with protein (P =4×10-5) negatively correlated with carbohydrate (P=4×10-5) |
[79] |
| rs1421085 | 2012 | The Look AHEAD trial | C/T | aged 45-76 y | 2,075 (56% women) | African American | eating episodes per day (P =0.001 ) total energy intake (P =0.031, P =0.067) FTO may bias meal patterning and perhaps total caloric intake and consumption of sweet or high-fat foods |
[80] |
| 68 FTO SNPs | 2014 | The randomized trial | many | Adults (34.5±10.6 y) | 237 (117 males/120 females) | Mixed ethnic | moderated the relationship between RRV food and energy intake to predict an additional 4.9-7.4% of variance in energy intake(p < 0.001) moderated the relationship between RRVfood and protein intake, sugar intake (p < 0.001) |
[82] |
| rs9939609 | 2014 | Prospective cohort study | A/T | aged 30-75 | 177,330 (51, 529 males/121, 700 females) | Mixed ethnic | Total energy A allele lower ( P = 0.001) across all ethnicities higher Protein (P = 2.4×10-16) lower Carbohydrate A allele (P =0.004) no associated with Fat (P =0.24) associated with fried food consumption (p<0.001) |
[86] |
| rs1421085 rs17817449 |
2014 | The randomized trial | C/T | the ages of 25 and 40 years |
133 (21 males/ 112 females) | Dutch, French, German, British | associated with poorer eating behaviors (p < 0.05), a higher intake of high fat foods and refined starches and more depressive symptoms (p < 0.05) | [87] |
| rs8050136 | 2009 | The randomized trial | A/T | Adults (35 to 45 years of age) | 380 (171 males/ 209 females) | German | significantly associated with higher energy intake( P =0.01) associated with fibre intake ( P =0.31) |
[88] |
| rs9939609 | 2008 | The randomized trial | A/T | Children (4 to 10 years of age) |
2726 | Scottish | A allele was associated with increased energy intake( P =0.006) with 30% higher fat intake after the low-energy premeal load in the A allele carriers (P = 0.004) with 16% greater energy density of food ingested by carriers ( P = 0.03) |
[89] |
| rs8050136 rs11076023 |
2016 | case-control study | A/T | Individuals aged 30-65 |
1,618 (916 males/ 702 females) | Asian Indians | interaction between SNP rs8050136 and carbohydrate intake (% energy) (P = 0.04) SNP rs11076023 and dietary fiber intake (P=0.0008) the highest tertile of carbohydrate intake (P=1.0×10-5) |
[90] |