TABLE 2.

Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) Meta-Analyses Results for Nonsocial Tasks Comparing Participants With Autism-Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Versus Typically Developing Controls (TDC)

Analysis	Side	Brain Region	BA	Talairach			Cluster Size (mm3)	Extrema Value
				X	Y	Z
				ASD-child>TDC-child	R	Insula			13	34	14	8	464	0.02
	L	Insula	13	−36	14	4	376	0.01
	R	Middle frontal gyrus	46	46	30	20	256	0.01
ASD-adult>TDC-adult	R	Medial frontal gyrus	8	8	44	40	480	0.02
	R	Inferior occipital gyrus	19	38	−74	−8	360	0.01
	L	Middle frontal gyrus	11	−28	42	−8	240	0.01
	L	Anterior cingulate	32	0	42	10	224	0.01
TDC-child>ASD-child	R	Caudate		12	0	12	448	0.02
	R	Superior frontal gyrus		26	44	0	416	0.02
TDC-adult>ASD-adult		NS
Developmental Contrasts
Greater in ASD-child vs. ASD-adult	R	Insula	13	35	16	9	456	2.31
	L	Cingulate gyrus	24	−3	−1	53	184	1.75
	R	Middle frontal gyrus	46	45	29	20	112	2.31
	R	Insula	13	44	10	10	64	2.88
	R	Middle frontal gyrus	9	32	12	26	56	2.31
	R	Middle frontal gyrus	46	50	21	21	48	2.88
	L	Cingulate gyrus	24	−10	−2	46	40	1.75
Greater in ASD-adult vs. ASD-child		NS
Reduced in ASD-child vs. ASD-adult	R	Middle frontal gyrus	11	27	45	1	416	1.67
	R	Middle frontal gyrus	10	30	48	12	56	1.67
Reduced in ASD-adult vs. ASD-child		NS

Note: BA = Brodmann Area; L = left; NS = nonsignificant; R = right.