Table 1.
Household and individual-level characteristics for the population of the Ifanadiana District, Madagascar. Results are based on a 2014 population level health and economic survey of 1522 households [31].
| Variable | Weighted % (n) or mean | w SE |
|---|---|---|
| Household characteristics (N = 1522) | ||
| Annual household income | $398 USD | 24 USD |
| Physical capital index | 0.081 | 0.014 |
| Human capital indexa | 0.187 | 0.004 |
| Household members | 5.4 | 0.10 |
| Livestock ownership | ||
| Any livestock (poultry, pigs, cattle) | 75.3% (1188) | 2.2% |
| Poultry | 72.4% (1145) | 2.2% |
| Pigs | 23.2% (367) | 1.7% |
| Cattle | 13.9% (200) | 1.1% |
| Herd/flock size | ||
| Poultry | 11.80 | 0.52 |
| Pigs | 1.75 | 0.12 |
| Cattle | 3.62 | 0.20 |
| Own latrine/toilet | 47.4% (765) | 3.0% |
| Own arable land | 85.2% (1351) | 2.4% |
| Electricity | 9.3% (101) | 2.5% |
| Protected water source | 14.9% (179) | 3.3% |
| Improved housing materials | 20.3% (254) | 3.1% |
| Individual characteristics | ||
| Agriculture-related Job (N = 3698) | 84.8% (3221) | 0.9% |
| Adult education (N = 4053) | ||
| No formal school (0 years of education) | 24.3% (1041) | 0.9% |
| Some primary school (1–4 years of education) | 56.5% (2352) | 1.0% |
| Completed primary school or higher (≥ 5 years of education) | 19.2% (660) | 1.0% |
| Nutritional indicators | ||
| Underweightb adults ≥ 15 years (N = 3312) | 28.5% (679) | 1.0% |
| Stuntingc in children < 5 years (N = 1261) | 52.1% (642) | 1.7% |
a
For human capital index, N = 1313.
b
Defined as BMI < 18.5 for ages ≥ 18 years, and based on BMI-for-age cutoffs by gender for those aged 15–17, as defined by WHO [48].
c
Defined as a z-score < − 2 for the height-for-age ratio.