Figure 2.

Schematic of phage display technique against PSI. A) PSI (green) with Fe₄S₄‐clusters (red diamonds) immobilized randomly on a surface is incubated with a library of M13 phages (magenta) covalently functionalized with horse radish peroxidase (HRP, yellow) and carrying 12 random amino acids fused to the N‐terminus of pIII. B) Phages recognizing PSI were identified by conversion of a fluorogenic substrate catalyzed by HRP. Afterward, the phages were amplified and sequenced to identify the binders against PSI. C) PSI oriented on a conducting surface with the help of selected short peptides carrying an anchoring group.