Fig. 2.

Changes in d-aspartate and d-serine levels between patients with schizophrenia and control subjects in the post-mortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. a d-aspartate, b l-aspartate, d d-serine and e l-serine levels, c d-aspartate/total aspartate and f d-serine/total serine are compared between non-psychiatric individuals (control, Ctrl) and patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) in the post-mortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (Ctrl, n = 20; SCZ, n = 19) and hippocampus (Ctrl, n = 15; SCZ, n = 15). g, h d-aspartate levels and d/total aspartate ratio were also compared between the DLPFC and hippocampus (Hipp.) of non-psychiatric individuals (DLPCF, n = 20; hippocampus, n = 15) and patients with schizophrenia (DLPCF, n = 19; hippocampus, n = 15). In each sample, all the amino acids were detected in a single run by HPLC and expressed as nmol/g of tissue, while the ratios are expressed as percentage (%). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.0001 (Mann–Whitney test). Dots represent the single subjects’ values while bars illustrate the means ± SEM