Fig. 2.

Blockade of the PD-1 pathway induces proliferation of effector-like PD-1+ CD8 T cells. Analysis was performed at the best CD8 T-cell response time point on NSCLC patients with ≥1.5-fold increase in Ki-67+ CD8 T cells after treatment (n = 20). Gates were determined based on naïve CD8 T cells. (A) Graph shows frequency of PD-1+ cells among Ki-67+ CD8 T cells. Patients whose responding Ki-67+ CD8 T cells were mostly PD-1^neg are indicated by gray circles. P, patient. (B) Dot plots show proliferation and PD-1 expression on CD8 T cells, on two representative patients with PD-1+ CD8 T-cell responses. (C) As in B, but depicted are two representative patients with PD-1^neg CD8 T-cell responses. (D) Graph shows frequency of Bcl-2^lo cells. (E) Dot plots show proliferation and Bcl-2 expression on responding PD-1+ Ki-67+ T cells (red dots) over the contour plot for total CD8 T cells on two representative patients. (F) Graph shows frequency of HLA-DR+CD38+ cells. (G) Dot plots show HLA-DR and CD38 expression as in E. (H) Graph shows frequency of CCR7^neg CD45RA^neg cells. (I) Dot plots show CCR7 and CD45RA expression as in E. (J) Graph shows frequency of granzyme B+ cells. (K) Dot plots show Ki-67 and granzyme B expression as in E. P, patient; C, treatment cycle.