Table S1.

Data sources and time periods

Event	Period	Source	Fraction of global grid with observations	Fraction of global area with observations	Fraction of observational area with GCM-Obs A-D P > 0.05	Fraction of observational area with GCM-Obs K-S P > 0.05	LENS runs	LENS period for trends	LENS period for return interval ratios	LENS Historical years	LENS Pre-Industrial years
Peak summer monthly temperature	1931–2016	NCDC (49)	0.45	0.56	0.71	0.84	29	1920–2005	1980–2005	754	1,100
Hottest day of the year	1961–2010	HadEx2 (51)	0.12	0.12	0.83	0.92	29	1956–2005	1980–2005	754	1,100
Annual precipitation	1901–2010	GPCC (50)	0.32	0.35	0.55	0.69	29	1920–2005	1980–2005	754	1,100
Wettest 5-d period of the year	1961–2010	HadEx2 (51)	0.05	0.05	0.80	0.87	29	1956–2005	1980–2005	754	1,100
2013 Boulder, CO, Sept 5-d precipitable water	1948–2013	NCEP/NCAR R-1 (53)	–	–	–	–	29	1920–2005	1980–2005	754	1,799
2010 Russia Jun−Aug anticylonic pattern	1979–2014	NCEP/NCAR R-1 (53)	–	–	–	–	29	1979–2014	1979–2014	1,044	938
2012 Arctic Septemb sea ice	1979–2015	NSIDC (52)	–	–	–	–	34	1979–2015	1980–2005	884	1,100