Fig. S1.

Robustness of error–MFPT trade-off for aa-tRNA selection against change in the parameter $f_{-2}$. Trade-off diagrams are generated for the WT ribosome with three different values of the parameter $f_{-2}$ for (A) the GTP hydrolysis step and (B) the proofreading step. The trade-offs remain unchanged near the relevant parameter range for the actual system (green circle, $f_{-2}=1.0$). For the GTP hydrolysis step with $f_{-2}=10$, the minimum in error is attained in the $k_{2,R}\to 0$ limit. However, this qualitative change of trend occurs far away from the region of interest. Therefore, our main conclusion about the importance of speed optimization over accuracy remains valid over relevant parameter ranges.