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. 2017 Apr 13;68(7):1639–1653. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erx045

Table 1.

Phylogenetic ages of the genera, growth form, leaf habit and distances of studied taxa and estimates of evolutionary divergence

Species are in the order of their evolutionary age. Evolutionary divergence is defined as the number of base substitutions per site between sequences.

Species (abbreviation) Family Evolutionary age of genus (My) Growth form Evolutionary divergence
Selaginella uncinata (S.u.) Selaginellaceae 405 (Lang et al., 2010) Herb S.u. Ps.n. A.h. C.r. Ma.r. E.m. Me.g. Pin.s. Pic.a. T.b. Po.a. Po.n.
Psilotum nudum (Ps.n.) Psilotaceae 306 (Pryer et al., 2004) Herb 0.87
Araucaria heterophylla (A.h.) Araucariaceae 197 (Knapp et al., 2007) Tree 0.76 0.61
Cycas revoluta (C.r.) Cycadaceae 175 (Magallón and Sanderson, 2005) Tree 0.69 0.59 0.23
Macrozamia riedlei (Ma.r.) Zamiaceae 175 (Magallón and Sanderson, 2005) Tree 0.67 0.61 0.23 0.094
Ephedra minuta (E.m.) Ephedraceae 168 (Rydin et al., 2004) Shrub 1.23 0.85 0.68 0.67 0.70
Metasequoia glyptostroboides (Me.g.) Cupressaceae 146 (Hemsley and Poole, 2004) Tree 0.87 0.66 0.18 0.27 0.27 0.71
Pinus sylvestris (Pin.s.) Pinaceae 140 (Wang et al., 2000) Tree 0.80 0.77 0.22 0.30 0.29 0.67 0.25
Picea abies (Pic.a) Pinaceae 130 (Wang et al., 2000) Tree 0.79 0.69 0.19 0.27 0.26 0.68 0.23 0.080
Taxus baccata (T.b.) Taxaceae 120 (Cheng et al., 2000) Tree 0.84 0.65 0.15 0.26 0.24 0.73 0.14 0.26 0.22
Podocarpus alpinus (Po.a.) Podocarpaceae 75 (Biffin et al., 2012) Shrub 0.88 0.71 0.20 0.29 0.29 0.75 0.24 0.32 0.31 0.25
Podocarpus nivalis (Po.n) Podocarpaceae 75 (Biffin et al., 2012) Shrub 0.87 0.71 0.20 0.28 0.29 0.75 0.24 0.31 0.30 0.24 0.004
Cupressus sempervirens (Cu.s.) Cupressaceae 75 (Stewart, 1993) Tree 0.88 0.70 0.19 0.25 0.29 0.70 0.085 0.28 0.26 0.16 0.26 0.26