Table 2.
β coefficient and 95% confidence intervals for covariates in relation to the sense of smell in African-Americans (AAs) and European-Americans (EAs) a
| Race | Characteristics | ARIC | Health ABC | ROS/MAP ADGC |
ROS/MAP CHOP |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AA | Age in years | −0.014 (−0.019 ~ −0.010) | −0.010 (−0.019 ~ −0.002) | −0.012 (−0.024, −0.000) | −0.007 (−0.014, −0.000) | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Male | −0.093 (−0.139 ~ −0.046) | −0.083 (−0.129 ~ −0.038) | 0.082 (−0.050, 0.215) | 0.106 (−0.047, 0.258) | ||
| MMSE/MMMSE | 0.036 (0.030 ~ 0.042) | 0.011 (0.009 ~ 0.014) | 0.019 (−0.009, 0.047) | 0.012 (−0.013, 0.037) | ||
| APOE status | ||||||
| non-ε4 (22/23/33) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| ε4 (24/34/44) | −0.001 (−0.017 ~ 0.045) | 0.059 (0.012 ~ 0.106) | 0.051 (−0.005, 0.107) | −0.080 (−0.193, 0.032) | ||
| ARIC | Health ABC |
ROS/MAP batch 1 |
ROS/MAP batch 2 |
|||
| EA | Age in years | −0.008 (−0.010 ~ −0.006) | −0.010 (−0.014 ~ −0.005) | −0.012 (−0.014, −0.009) | −0.015 (−0.020, −0.009) | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Male | −0.057 (−0.077 ~ −0.038) | −0.068 (−0.094 ~ −0.042) | −0.104 (−0.146, −0.062) | −0.017 (−0.105, 0.071) | ||
| MMSE/MMMSE | 0.029 (0.024−0.033) | 0.007 (0.005 ~ 0.010) | 0.037 (0.029, 0.044) | 0.040 (0.025, 0.055) | ||
| APOE status | ||||||
| non-ε4 (22/23/33) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| ε4 (24/34/44) | −0.038 (−0.059 ~ −0.016) | −0.039 (−0.069 ~ −0.008) | −0.074 (−0.120, −0.029) | −0.135 (−0.228, −0.042) | ||
a
Covariates were mutually adjusted.
AA: African-Americans; EA: European-Americans; ARIC: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study; HABC: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study; ROS/MAP: the Rush Religious Orders Study (ROS) and Memory and Aging Project (MAP) MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; MMMSE: Modified Mini-Mental Status Examination; ApoE: Apolipoprotein E.