Table 1.
Study Participant Characteristics by English Proficiency: Prevalence (%)
| Total | Limited English proficiency | Adequate English proficiency | p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 23,382) | (n = 3269) | (n = 20,113) | ||
| (population weighted percentages) | ||||
| SBP ≥ 140 or DBP ≥ 90 | 15.2 | 13.8 | 15.4 | <0.01 |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||
| Male | 48.8 | 52.4 | 48.5 | <0.01 |
| Age groups, years | ||||
| 18–39 | 38.2 | 46.8 | 37.5 | <0.01 |
| 40–59 | 37.0 | 36.8 | 37.0 | |
| ≥ 60 | 24.9 | 16.4 | 25.5 | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic | 12.8 | 88.4 | 7.2 | <0.01 |
| White | 70.9 | 4.3 | 75.9 | |
| Black | 11.2 | 0.8 | 12.0 | |
| Other | 5.0 | 6.5 | 4.9 | |
| Single | 36.5 | 28.6 | 37.1 | <0.01 |
| Low income | 18.9 | 48.4 | 16.7 | <0.01 |
| No insurance | 19.2 | 41.8 | 16.3 | <0.01 |
| Education | ||||
| Less than high school | 18.2 | 65.2 | 14.7 | <0.01 |
| High school or equivalent | 23.9 | 17.4 | 24.4 | |
| More than high school | 57.9 | 17.4 | 60.9 | |
| Hypertension (HTN)-related characteristics | ||||
| Study period | ||||
| 2003–2004 | 17.7 | 13.3 | 18.0 | <0.01 |
| 2005–2006 | 19.8 | 17.8 | 20.0 | |
| 2007–2008 | 20.8 | 22.0 | 20.8 | |
| 2009–2010 | 21.4 | 25.5 | 21.1 | |
| 2011–2012 | 20.3 | 21.4 | 20.2 | |
| Prior diagnosis of HTN | 29.7 | 20.3 | 30.4 | <0.01 |
| Taking HTN medication† | 82.7 | 79.9 | 82.8 | <0.01 |
| BMI | ||||
| Underweight | 1.8 | 0.7 | 1.8 | <0.01 |
| Normal | 29.6 | 24.9 | 29.9 | |
| Overweight | 33.9 | 41.2 | 33.4 | |
| Obese | 34.7 | 33.2 | 34.8 | |
| Current smoker | 22.4 | 16.5 | 22.8 | <0.01 |
| Has comorbid condition(s)‡ | 13.1 | 14.1 | 13.0 | <0.01 |
| Acculturation-related characteristics | ||||
| Speaks language other than English at home | 9.8 | 93.9 | 3.5 | <0.01 |
| Not US citizen | 8.7 | 73.8 | 3.9 | <0.01 |
| Foreign birth | 15.5 | 96.2 | 9.5 | <0.01 |
* The p value compared participants who used an English vs. non-English instrument using a sample weight
†Weighted percentages calculated of participants with previous diagnosis of HTN
‡Comorbid conditions include coronary artery disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and/or stroke