Table 1.
Effect of Caffeic acid on urine and serum metabolic and renal markers.
| Mean | Std. Error | F | Significance | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum creatinine concentration (mg/dl) | ||||
| control | 1.00 | 0.000 | 7.070 | 0.0001 |
| placebo | 1.00a | 0.000 | ||
| diabetes mellitus | 2.00 | 0.000 | ||
| Prophylactic | 2.00 | 0.000 | ||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 1.83 | 0.167 | ||
| STZ+ Caffeic acid | 1.43 | 0.202 | ||
| Urea (mg/dl) | ||||
| control | 38.00 | 5.000 | 72.806 | 0.0001 |
| placebo | 33.50a,b | 2.500 | ||
| diabetes mellitus | 57.33 | 2.231b | ||
| Prophylactic | 84.29 | 3.107b | ||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 81.67 | 1.498 | ||
| STZ+ Caffeic acid | 30.14 | 2.857b | ||
| BUN (mg/dl) | ||||
| control | 17.50 | 2.500b | 71.657 | 0.0001 |
| placebo | 15.50a | 1.500b | ||
| diabetes mellitus | 26.67 | 1.085b | ||
| Prophylactic | 39.29 | 1.392b | ||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 38.17 | 0.703 | ||
| STZ+ Caffeic acid | 14.14 | 1.370b | ||
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | ||||
| control | 34.50 | 2.500 | 3.750 | 0.550 |
| placebo | 31.00 | 1.000 | ||
| diabetes mellitus | 33.17 | 2.798 | ||
| porphylactic | 28.71 | 1.443b | ||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 28.17a | 1.600 | ||
| STZ+ Caffeic acid | 25.86 | 1.010b | ||
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | ||||
| control | 134.00 | 7.000b | 20.844 | 0.0001 |
| placebo | 122.00 | 3.000b | ||
| diabetes mellitus | 180.83a | 6.735b | ||
| Prophylactic | 50.71a | 7.677b | ||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 51.83 | 17.252 | ||
| STZ+ Caffeic acid | 129.00 | 11.093b | ||
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | ||||
| control | 20.00 | 14.000 | 2.786 | 0.040 |
| placebo | 28.00 | 5.000 | ||
| diabetes mellitus | 11.33 | 11.910 | ||
| Prophylactic | 61.71 | 12.124 | ||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 26.33 | 7.186 | ||
| STZ+ Caffeic acid | 30.29 | 9.203 | ||
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dl) | ||||
| control | 81.50 | 12.500 | 1.109 | 0.382 |
| placebo | 83.50 | 6.500 | ||
| diabetes mellitus | 81.00 | 10.954 | ||
| Prophylactic | 100.43 | 11.193 | ||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 78.00 | 8.714 | ||
| STZ+ Caffeic acid | 71.71 | 7.402 | ||
| Urine creatinine Concentration (mg/dl) | ||||
| control | 59.00 | 1.000 | 24.659 | 0.0001 |
| placebo | 55.50 | 1.500 | ||
| diabetes mellitus | 38.17 | 2.574 | ||
| porphylactic | 115.71 | 11.047 | ||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 33.17 | 2.676 | ||
| STZ+ Caffeic acid | 60.43 | 0.948b | ||
| Urine volume (liter/day) | ||||
| control | 4.50 | 0.500b | 138.861 | 0.0001 |
| placebo | 4.00a | 0.000b | ||
| diabetes mellitus | 13.50 | 0.428b | ||
| Prophylactic | 17.71a | 0.747b | ||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 18.50 | 0.563 | ||
| STZ+ Caffeic acid | 4.00 | 0.218b | ||
| Creatinine clearance (ml/min) | ||||
| control | 0.1607 | 0.02495 | 33.400 | 0.0001 |
| placebo | 0.1172 | 0.01275 | ||
| diabetes mellitus | 0.1673a | 0.01508 | ||
| Prophylactic | 0.6620 | 0.06468b | ||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 0.2359 | 0.01889 | ||
| STZ+ Caffeic acid | 0.1148 | 0.0093b | ||
| Albuminuria | ||||
| control | 16.00 | 0.000b | 135.014 | 0.0001 |
| placebo | 16.00a | 0.000b | ||
| diabetes mellitus | 28.17a | 0.872b | ||
| Prophylactic | 31.57a | 0.297b | ||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 35.17 | 0.749 | ||
| STZ+ Caffeic acid | 19.43 | 0.429b | ||
ap < 0.05 compared to non diabetic control. bp < 0.05 compared to STZ induced DN control group.