FIG 1.

Bile acids induce the expression of AMPPs in ileal explants. Shown are the relative transcript levels of Defa genes in ileal explants treated with various bile acids. TCA, taurocholic acid; TCDCA, taurochenodeoxycholic acid; CA, cholic acid; CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid; DCA, deoxycholic acid; LCA, lithocholic acid. The expression levels in explants treated with vehicle controls are set at 1 and indicated by a dotted line. Data were obtained by qPCR. n = 6 to 8 samples per group. Statistically significant differences are shown by asterisks (*, P < 0.05).