Table 3.
Recorded dietary intake at baseline (week 0) and following diets that incorporated the control and modified dairy products (week 12) in adults at moderate cardiovascular disease risk and target fatty acid intakesa
| Control | Modified | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Post | Tb | Δ | Baseline | Post | T | Δ | p c | |
| Energy, MJ/d | 8.5 ± 0.4 | 9.0 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 8.2 ± 0.3 | 9.2 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 0.60 | ||
| Total fat, %TE | 36.5 ± 0.8 | 39.5 ± 0.7 | 38.0 | 3.0 ± 0.9 | 36.1 ± 0.8 | 41.1 ± 0.8 | 38.0 | 5.0 ± 1.1 | 0.03 |
| SFA, %TE | 13.9 ± 0.5 | 19.1 ± 0.4 | 19.0 | 5.2 ± 0.6 | 14.2 ± 0.5 | 16.9 ± 0.4 | 16.0 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
| MUFA, %TE | 11.9 ± 0.4 | 11.8 ± 0.3 | 11.0 | −0.1 ± 0.3 | 11.7 ± 0.4 | 15.3 ± 0.4 | 14.0 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | <0.0001 |
| n-6 PUFA, %TE | 4.6 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.2 | −1.3 ± 0.2 | 3.9 ± 0.2 | 3.4 ± 0.2 | −0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.08 | ||
| n-3 PUFA, %TE | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.0 | −0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.0 | 0.6 ± 0.0 | −0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.34 | ||
| Total PUFA, %TE | 5.8 ± 0.4 | 4.4 ± 0.5 | −1.4 ± 0.3 | 4.6 ± 0.2 | 4.0 ± 0.2 | −0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.14 | ||
| TFA, %TE | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | <0.0001 | ||
| Protein, %TE | 16.3 ± 0.5 | 16.1 ± 0.4 | −0.2 ± 0.5 | 16.9 ± 0.5 | 16.2 ± 0.3 | −0.7 ± 0.6 | 0.80 | ||
| Carbohydrates, %TE | 46.3 ± 0.9 | 43.3 ± 0.9 | −3.0 ± 0.9 | 46.6 ± 1.3 | 42.2 ± 1.0 | −4.4 ± 1.5 | 0.19 | ||
| Alcohol, %TE | 3.1 ± 0.5 | 3.1 ± 0.5 | 0.0 ± 0.4 | 2.9 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.4 | −0.2 ± 0.5 | 0.35 | ||
| Dietary fiber (AOAC), g/d | 20.4 ± 1.1 | 22.0 ± 1.1 | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 20.2 ± 1.1 | 19.4 ± 1.1 | −0.8 ± 1.2 | 0.03 | ||
| Sodium, g/d | 2.7 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.1 | −0.5 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.1 | −0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.03 | ||
Participant was included as a random effect. p ≤ 0.01 deemed as significant
AOAC Association of Official Analytic Chemists, %TE percentage of total energy
aValues are means ± SEM. Dietary intakes estimated from 4-d weighed dietary records at baseline (week 0) and after intervention (week 12)
bTarget FA intakes for the control and modified dietary exchange periods
cOverall effect of treatment based on change-from-baseline was calculated by mixed model analysis, with adjustments made for fixed effects of baseline values of the assessed variable, period, treatment, age, gender and BMI