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. 2017 May 23;16:33. doi: 10.1186/s12937-017-0249-2

Table 4.

Plasma phospholipid fatty acids at baseline (week 0) and following diets that incorporated the control and modified dairy products (week 12) in adults at moderate cardiovascular disease riska

Control Modified
mol% Baseline Post Δ Baseline Post Δ p b
SFAs
 11:0 0.0000 ± 0.0008 0.0013 ± 0.0008 0.0000 ± 0.0011 0.0000 ± 0.0011 0.0002 ± 0.0000 0.0025 ± 0.0010 0.35
 12:0 0.0230 ± 0.0018 0.0242 ± 0.0015 0.0012 ± 0.0019 0.0245 ± 0.0000 0.0225 ± 0.0000 0.0019 ± 0.0016 0.22
 13:0 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.16
 14:0 0.35 ± 0.01 0.42 ± 0.02 0.07 ± 0.02 0.35 ± 0.02 0.38 ± 0.02 0.03 ± 0.01 0.04
 15:0 0.23 ± 0.01 0.26 ± 0.01 0.04 ± 0.01 0.22 ± 0.01 0.24 ± 0.01 0.02 ± 0.01 0.02
 16:0 30.70 ± 0.16 30.86 ± 0.17 0.16 ± 0.13 30.78 ± 0.13 30.32 ± 0.13 −0.46 ± 0.15 <0.001
 17:0 0.39 ± 0.01 0.40 ± 0.01 0.01 ± 0.01 0.38 ± 0.01 0.38 ± 0.01 0.00 ± 0.01 0.03
 18:0 13.95 ± 0.18 13.67 ± 0.14 −0.29 ± 0.12 14.05 ± 0.12 13.83 ± 0.12 −0.22 ± 0.13 0.33
 20:0 0.14 ± 0.00 0.13 ± 0.00 −0.01 ± 0.00 0.13 ± 0.00 0.12 ± 0.00 −0.01 ± 0.00 0.76
 21:0 0.0128 ± 0.0037 0.0130 ± 0.0043 0.0001 ± 0.0036 0.0093 ± 0.0000 0.0147 ± 0.0000 0.0054 ± 0.0034 0.62
 22:0 0.23 ± 0.01 0.22 ± 0.01 −0.01 ± 0.01 0.22 ± 0.01 0.22 ± 0.01 0.00 ± 0.01 0.69
 23:0 0.10 ± 0.00 0.11 ± 0.00 0.01 ± 0.00 0.10 ± 0.00 0.11 ± 0.00 0.01 ± 0.00 0.34
 24:0 0.25 ± 0.01 0.25 ± 0.01 0.00 ± 0.01 0.25 ± 0.01 0.24 ± 0.01 −0.01 ± 0.01 0.85
 Total SFAc 46.37 ± 0.17 46.36 ± 0.13 0.01 ± 0.17 46.52 ± 0.21 45.92 ± 0.15 −0.60 ± 0.21 0.006
MUFAs
 18:1 cis-9 9.81 ± 0.15 9.98 ± 0.16 0.17 ± 0.15 9.99 ± 0.15 10.93 ± 0.15 0.93 ± 0.19 <0.0001
 18:1 trans-9 0.08 ± 0.00 0.08 ± 0.00 0.01 ± 0.00 0.07 ± 0.00 0.17 ± 0.00 0.10 ± 0.01 <0.0001
 22:1 cis-9 0.0202 ± 0.0037 0.0206 ± 0.0030 0.0004 ± 0.0045 0.0182 ± 0.0000 0.0201 ± 0.0000 0.0000 ± 0.0019 0.52
 Total cis-MUFAd 11.02 ± 0.16 11.24 ± 0.17 0.21 ± 0.15 11.21 ± 0.18 12.20 ± 0.23 0.99 ± 0.20 <0.0001
 Total trans-MUFAe 0.12 ± 0.00 0.12 ± 0.00 0.01 ± 0.00 0.10 ± 0.00 0.23 ± 0.01 0.12 ± 0.01 <0.0001
PUFAs
 18:2 n-6 22.26 ± 0.42 22.40 ± 0.37 0.14 ± 0.28 22.00 ± 0.28 22.29 ± 0.28 0.30 ± 0.29 0.87
 18:3 n-6 0.08 ± 0.01 0.10 ± 0.01 0.02 ± 0.01 0.09 ± 0.01 0.09 ± 0.01 0.00 ± 0.01 0.51
 18:3 n-3 0.31 ± 0.02 0.31 ± 0.01 0.00 ± 0.01 0.31 ± 0.01 0.29 ± 0.01 −0.02 ± 0.01 0.58
 20:3 n-6 3.07 ± 0.08 3.39 ± 0.11 0.32 ± 0.07 3.12 ± 0.07 3.17 ± 0.07 0.06 ± 0.06 0.007
 20:4 n-6 9.88 ± 0.27 9.53 ± 0.22 −0.35 ± 0.13 9.77 ± 0.13 9.41 ± 0.13 −0.36 ± 0.21 0.74
 20:5 n-3 1.27 ± 0.08 1.25 ± 0.06 −0.02 ± 0.07 1.24 ± 0.07 1.14 ± 0.07 −0.10 ± 0.07 0.14
 22:5 n-6 0.20 ± 0.01 0.20 ± 0.01 0.00 ± 0.01 0.20 ± 0.01 0.20 ± 0.01 0.00 ± 0.01 0.17
 22:5 n-3 0.99 ± 0.03 1.02 ± 0.02 0.03 ± 0.02 1.00 ± 0.02 0.95 ± 0.02 −0.05 ± 0.03 0.55
 22:6 n-3 3.77 ± 0.16 3.39 ± 0.13 −0.37 ± 0.09 3.79 ± 0.09 3.44 ± 0.09 −0.35 ± 0.10 0.74
 Total n-3 PUFAf 5.35 ± 0.23 4.96 ± 0.17 −0.39 ± 0.14 5.34 ± 0.21 4.87 ± 0.17 −0.47 ± 0.14 0.58
 Total n-6 PUFAg 36.15 ± 0.34 36.30 ± 0.27 0.15 ± 0.26 35.83 ± 0.32 35.86 ± 0.33 0.03 ± 0.33 0.32

Where no bond position is listed it is unknown [40]. 20 : 4n-6 + 20 : 3n-3 co-eluted, but as 20 : 3n-3 concentration in human samples is negligible, this peak was identified as 20 : 4n-6 [43]

aValues are given as means ± SEM

bOverall effect of treatment based on change-from-baseline was calculated by mixed model analysis, with adjustments made for fixed effects of baseline values of the assessed variable, period, treatment, age, gender and BMI. Participant was included as a random effect

cTotal SFAs include: 11 : 0, 12 : 0, 13 : 0, 14 : 0, 15 : 0, 16 : 0, 17 : 0, 18 : 0, 20 : 0, 21 : 0, 22 : 0, 23 : 0 and 24 : 0

dTotal cis-MUFAs include: 14 : 1cis, 15 : 1cis, 16 : 1cis, 17 : 1cis, 18 : 1cis-9, 20 : 1cis, 22 : 1cis-9 and 24 : 1cis. Where no bond position is listed it is unknown, as previously outlined in Wang et al. [43]

eTotal trans-MUFAs include: 16 : 1trans (bond position unknown) and 18 : 1trans-9 [43]

fTotal n-3 PUFAs include: 18 : 3n-3, 20 : 5n-3, 22 : 5n-3 and 22 : 6n-3

gTotal n-6 PUFAs include: 18 : 2n-6, 18 : 2trans, 18 : 3n-6, 20 : 2, 20 : 3n-6, 20 : 4n-6 + 20:3n-3, 22 : 4 and 22 : 5n-6