Table 3.

Proton chemical shifts of metabolites identified in 500-MHz ¹H-NMR spectra of plasma samples

Metabolites	Group	1H ppma	1H Multiplicity
2-Hydroxybutyrate	CH3	0.90	t
	CH2	1.68	m
	CH	4.02	dd
3-Hydroxyburyrate	CH3	1.20	d
	CH2	2.35	dd
	CH	4.12	m
Acetate	CH3	1.91	s
Alanine	CH3	1.37	d
Citrate	γCH2	2.55	d
	γ’CH2	2.68	d
Creatine/PCreatine	N-CH3	3.04	s
Creatinine	N-CH3	3.03	s
Fucose	αCH3	1.22	d
	βCH3	1.25	d
α-Glucose	C1H	5.23	d
β-Glucose	C1H	4.64	d
Glutamate	βCH2	2.12	m
	γCH2	2.34	m
Glutamine	βCH2	2.14	m
	γCH2	2.43	m
Isobutyrate	CH3	1.20	d
Isopropanol	CH3	1.12	d
Isoleucine	βCH	1.98	m
	γCH	1.46	m
	γ’CH	1.25	m
	γ’CH3	0.99	d
	δCH3	0.93	t
Lactate	βCH3	1.32	d
	αCH	4.10	q
	εCH2	3.02	t
Leucine	βCH2	1.72	m
	γCH	1.76	m
	δCH3	0.94	d
Lysine	βCH2	1.90	m
	γCH2	1.46	m
	δCH2	1.72	m
N-acetyl group	CH3	2.06	s

Multiplicity definitions: s singlet, d doublet, t triplet, q quartet, dd doublet of doublets, m multiplet

^{a 1}H chemical shifts reported with respect to TSP signal (0.00 ppm)