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. 2016 Oct 7;6(3):851–863. doi: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0129

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Quercetin and genistein are unable to suppress IL‐1β‐induced inflammation in H9‐embryonic stem cell‐derived endothelial cells (ECs). (A): Gene expression of inflammatory markers in IL‐1β‐stimulated human pluripotent stem cell‐derived endothelial cells (hPSC‐ECs) treated with quercetin and genistein over time. (Bi): Immunostaining for NFκB in unstimulated and IL‐1β‐stimulated hPSC‐ECs, treated with or without quercetin and genistein. Scale bars = 100 μm. (Bii): Quantification of nuclear colocalization levels of NFκB by Pearson’s coefficient. ∗∗∗, p ≤ .001 (compared with their respective unstimulated controls; n = 3 independent biological replicates). (C): Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay quantification of IL‐8 concentrations in conditioned media of IL‐1β‐stimulated hPSC‐ECs, treated with or without quercetin and genistein for 48 hours. (D, E): Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis of metabolic profiles of parent nutraceuticals, quercetin (blue line) and genistein (green line) by hPSC‐ECs. Primary and secondary metabolites of nutraceuticals were indicated by black lines. ∗, p ≤ .05; ∗∗, p ≤ .01 (compared with their respective 6‐hour time points; n = 3 independent biological replicates). Abbreviations: IL, interleukin; IS, internal standard; NFκB, nuclear factor κB.