Table 2.
Factors associated with the use of physical examination among rural elderly in Shandong, China (2012)
| Characteristics | Total (N/%) | APEa Use (N/%) | Unadjusted model | Adjusted model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | OR | 95%CI | P | OR | 95%CI | P | ||
| Observations | 2153 | 806 (37.4) | 1347 (62.6) | ||||||
| Gender | NAb | ||||||||
| Male | 1045 (48.5) | 396 (37.9) | 649 (62.7) | 1.00 | |||||
| Female | 1108 (51.5) | 410 (37.0) | 698 (63.0) | 0.96 | 0.80–1.14 | 0.669 | |||
| Age | 0.326 | NA | |||||||
| 60− | 1468 (68.2) | 563 (38.4) | 905 (61.6) | 1.00 | |||||
| 70− | 550 (25.5) | 199 (36.2) | 351 (63.8) | 0.91 | 1.74–1.11 | 0.371 | |||
| 80+ | 135 (6.3) | 44 (32.6) | 91 (67.4) | 0.77 | 0.53–1.13 | 0.188 | |||
| Education | 0.000 | 0.122 | |||||||
| Illiteracy or semiliterate | 1206 (56.0) | 409 (33.9) | 797 (66.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Primary school | 631 (29.3) | 252 (39.9) | 379 (60.1) | 1.29 | 1.06–1.58 | 0.011 | 1.13 | 0.92–1.39 | 0.238 |
| Junior school | 215 (10.0) | 90 (54.5) | 125 (58.1) | 1.40 | 1.04–1.88 | 0.025 | 1.16 | 0.85–1.58 | 0.342 |
| Senior school or above | 101 (4.7) | 55 (54.5) | 46 (45.5) | 2.33 | 1.54–3.50 | 0.000 | 1.66 | 1.06–2.58 | 0.025 |
| Marital status | NA | ||||||||
| Single | 504 (23.4) | 171 (33.9) | 333 (66.1) | 1.00 | |||||
| Couple | 1649 (76.6) | 635 (38.5) | 1014 (61.5) | 1.22 | 0.98–1.50 | 0.630 | |||
| Economic status | 0.000 | 0.010 | |||||||
| Poor | 448 (20.8) | 135 (30.1) | 313 (69.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Normal | 1338 (62.1) | 504 (37.7) | 834 (62.3) | 1.40 | 1.11–1.76 | 0.004 | 1.24 | 0.97–1.58 | 0.074 |
| Good | 367 (17.0) | 167 (45.5) | 200 (54.5) | 1.93 | 1.45–2.58 | 0.000 | 1.60 | 1.18–2.16 | 0.002 |
| Smoking | NA | ||||||||
| No | 640 (70.3) | 570 (37.7) | 943 (62.3) | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 1513 (29.7) | 236 (36.9) | 404 (63.1) | 0.96 | 0.79–1.17 | 0.726 | |||
| Drinking (time/a week) | NA | ||||||||
| <1 | 1719 (79.8) | 649 (37.8) | 1070 (62.2) | 1.00 | |||||
| ≥1 | 434 (20.2) | 157 (36.2) | 277 (63.8) | 0.93 | 0.75–1.16 | 0.544 | |||
| Exercise (time/a week) | |||||||||
| <3 | 1051 (51.2) | 359 (32.6) | 743 (67.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| ≥3 | 1102 (48.8) | 447 (42.5) | 604 (57.5) | 1.53 | 1.28–1.82 | 0.000 | 1.41 | 1.18–1.69 | 0.000 |
| Watching TV | |||||||||
| No | 304 (14.1) | 75 (24.7) | 229 (75.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 1849 (85.9) | 731 (39.5) | 1118 (60.5) | 1.99 | 1.51–2.63 | 0.000 | 1.72 | 1.28–2.30 | 0.000 |
| Number of NCDsc | 0.001 | 0.000 | |||||||
| None | 808 (37.5) | 267 (33.1) | 541 (67.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 1 | 963 (44.7) | 368 (38.2) | 595 (61.8) | 1.25 | 1.03–1.52 | 0.024 | 1.32 | 1.07–1.62 | 0.008 |
| 2 | 278 (12.9) | 123 (44.2) | 155 (55.8) | 1.60 | 1.21–2.12 | 0.001 | 1.78 | 1.32–2.40 | 0.000 |
| 3+ | 104 (4.8) | 48 (46.2) | 56 (53.8) | 1.73 | 1.15–2.62 | 0.009 | 2.02 | 1.30–3.14 | 0.002 |
| Hospitalization | |||||||||
| No | 1900 (88.2) | 688 (36.2) | 1212 (63.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 253 (11.8) | 688 (46.6) | 135 (53.4) | 1.54 | 1.18–2.00 | 0.001 | 1.43 | 1.08–1.90 | 0.011 |
| ADLd | 0.069 | 0.266 | |||||||
| 1 | 1448 (67.3) | 561 (38.7) | 887 (61.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 2 | 399 (18.5) | 148 (37.1) | 251 (62.9) | 0.93 | 0.74–1.17 | 0.548 | 0.92 | 0.72–1.17 | 0.502 |
| 3 | 306 (14.2) | 97 (31.7) | 209 (68.3) | 0.73 | 0.56–0.95 | 0.021 | 0.78 | 0.58–1.05 | 0.109 |
| The distance to the nearest health institutions (km) | NA | ||||||||
| Less than 1 km | 1933 (89.8) | 727 (37.6) | 1206 (62.4) | 1.00 | |||||
| 1 km+ | 220 (10.2) | 79 (35.9) | 141 (64.1) | 0.92 | 0.69–1.24 | 0.621 | |||
| Type of health insurancee | 0.000 | 0.014 | |||||||
| None | 38 (1.8) | 8 (21.1) | 30 (78.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| NCMS | 2036 (94.6) | 750 (36.8) | 1286 (63.2) | 2.18 | 0.99–4.79 | 0.051 | 1.82 | 0.81–4.07 | 0.144 |
| Others | 79 (3.7) | 48 (60.8) | 31 (39.2) | 5.80 | 2.35–14.29 | 0.000 | 3.41 | 1.34–8.71 | 0.010 |
Note: Of the 2153 rural participants, 53(2.46%) older people had retired from urban areas
The italics indicate significance
a APE annual physical examination
b NA not applicable
c NCDs Non-communicable chronic diseases
d ADL activity of daily living
e NCMS New cooperative medical scheme