Table 2.
Treatment characteristics and Intensive Care Unit, hospital and posthospital outcomes of severe ARDS survivors according to ECMO status
| Parameters | ECMO survivors (n = 24) | Non-ECMO survivors (n = 48) | Statistics | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment, n (%) | ||||
| Corticosteroids | 10 (42) | 29 (60) | 2.266† | 0.132 |
| Muscle relaxants | 16 (67) | 29 (60) | 0.267† | 0.606 |
| Sedatives | 24 (100) | 30 (100) | – | – |
| Vasopressors | 22 (92) | 26 (54) | 10.125† | 0.001 |
| Prone position ventilation | 14 (58) | 22 (46) | 1.000† | 0.317 |
| CRRT | 16 (67) | 15 (31) | 8.186† | 0.004 |
| Ventilation parameters* | ||||
| Plateau pressure (cmH2O) | 23 (20, 24) | 28 (26, 32) | −4.790‡ | 0.000 |
| Tidal volume (ml/kg) | 3.4 (3.1, 4.2) | 6.3 (5.8, 6.9) | −0.445‡ | 0.000 |
| PEEP (cmH2O) | 13 (12, 14) | 12 (10, 14) | −5.370‡ | 0.656 |
| Compliance (ml/cmH2O) | 21 (18, 24) | 24 (22, 26) | −2.349‡ | 0.019 |
| ICU and hospital outcomes | ||||
| ECMO duration (days) | 6.0 ± 2.3 | – | – | – |
| Tracheostomy, n (%) | 4 (17) | 10 (21) | 0.011† | 0.916 |
| MV duration (days) | 10.0 (6.0, 16.3) | 9.0 (6.0, 13.0) | 0.054‡ | 0.658 |
| ICU stay (days) | 13.0 (9.8, 22.3) | 11.0 (8.0, 18.0) | 0.449‡ | 0.430 |
| Hospital stay (days) | 25.5 (16.5, 31.3) | 26.0 (15.0, 56.3) | −0.488‡ | 0.711 |
| Bedridden at hospital discharge, n (%) | 2 (8) | 7 (15) | 0.143† | 0.705 |
| Hospital costs (RMB) | 230,727.0 ± 1.1 | 202,095.7 ± 1.9 | 0.682§ | 0.497 |
| Posthospital outcomes | ||||
| Discharge destination, n (%) | ||||
| Home | 22 (92) | 43 (90) | 0.000† | 1.000 |
| Other hospital | 2 (8) | 5 (10) | 0.000† | 1.000 |
| Returned to work, n (%) | 16 (67) | 24 (50) | 1.800† | 0.180 |
| Time from hospital discharge to return to work (months) | 6.0 ± 3.4 | 6.9 ± 2.9 | −1.171§ | 0.245 |
| Time from hospital discharge to follow-up evaluation (months) | 12.7 ± 5.8 | 14.8 ± 6.5 | −1.338§ | 0.185 |
Data are expressed as n (%), median (interquartile range), or mean ± SD. *Ventilation parameters are shown after ECMO in ECMO group; †Chi-square test; ‡MannWhitney U-test; §t-test. 1 cmH2O = 0.098 kPa. ECMO: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; CRRT: Continuous renal replacement therapy; MV: Mechanical ventilation; SD: Standard deviation; ICU: Intensive Care Unit; PEEP: Positive end-expiratory pressure; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; –: No data available.