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. 2014 Nov 1;10(10):2875–2884. doi: 10.4161/hv.29594

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© 2014 The Author(s). Crown Copyright

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The moral rights of the named author(s) have been asserted.

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Figure 1. — Humoral and cellular recognition of Ad vector. (A) Cross-reactive Ad specific Ab (gray) can bind to conserved regions (depicted in gray) within various serotypes but they lack neutralizing ability. In contrast, neutralizing Ab (red, blue) against Ad vector pre-dominantly target highly variable regions (depicted in red and blue) in the hexon and to a lower extent in the fiber. These nAbs are unable to neutralize Ad from different serotypes. (B) Cross-reactive (gray) Ad specific CD8 (top) and CD4 (bottom) T cells are generated upon Ad vector immunization. CD8 T cells mediate killing of Ad transduced APC and secrete inflammatory cytokines, while Ad specific CD4 T cell secrete various cytokines and provide help to Ad specific CD8 and B cells.