Table IV.
Prospective Analysis of 25(OH)D Status at Visit 2 with Lipid Changes from ARIC visits 2 (1990–1992) through ARIC visit 3 (1993–1995) and ARIC visit 4 (1996–1998). Results presented as beta-coefficients and 95% confidence intervals.
| Model 1* | Model 2† | Model 3‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | |||
| N participants/n visits | 13039/34941 | 12930/34680 | 12843/34462 |
| Continuous [per 10 ng/ml decrease in 25(OH)D] | −1.25 (−1.99, −0.51) | −1.44 (−2.20, −0.68) | −1.39 (−2.18, −0.61) |
| Optimal (≥30 ng/ml) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Deficient (<20 ng/ml) | −2.08 (−3.77, −0.38) | −2.54 (−4.28, −0.79) | −2.40 (−4.21, −0.60) |
| LDL-C, mg/dl | |||
| N | 12971/34365 | 12863/34110 | 12777/33895 |
| Continuous [per 10 ng/ml decrease in 25(OH)D] | 0.42 (−0.28, 1.12) | 0.11 (−0.60, 0.83) | 0.28 (−0.45, 1.02) |
| Optimal (≥30 ng/ml) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Deficient (<20 ng/ml) | 1.33 (−0.27, 2.93) | 0.59 (−1.05, 2.23) | 0.99 (−0.70, 2.68) |
| HDL-C, mg/dl | |||
| N | 13036/34902 | 12927/34642 | 12840/34424 |
| Continuous [per 10 ng/ml decrease in 25(OH)D] | −2.40 (−2.71, −2.08) | −1.36 (−1.67, −1.05) | −1.38 (−1.68, −1.07) |
| Optimal (≥30 ng/ml) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Deficient (<20 ng/ml) | −5.31 (−6.04, −4.58) | −2.99 (−3.69, −2.28) | −3.02 (−3.73, −2.32) |
| TG, mg/dl | |||
| N | 13039/34939 | 12930/34678 | 12843/34460 |
| Continuous [per 10 ng/ml decrease in 25(OH)D] | 4.11 (2.40, 5.82) | −0.79 (−2.51, 0.93) | −1.40 (−3.09, 0.28) |
| Optimal (≥30 ng/ml) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Deficient (<20 ng/ml) | 10.70 (6.77, 14.62) | −0.18 (−4.12, 3.76) | −1.70 (−5.57, 2.16) |
| Non-HDL-C, mg/dl | |||
| N | 10954/29040 | 10881/28764 | 10865/28565 |
| Continuous [per 10 ng/ml decrease in 25(OH)D] | 1.15 (0.35, 1.94) | −0.11 (−0.91, 0.70) | −0.04 (−0.88, 0.79) |
| Optimal (≥30 ng/ml) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Deficient (<20 ng/ml) | 3.24 (1.42, 5.06) | 0.38 (−1.47, 2.23) | 0.55 (−1.36, 2.46) |
| TC/HDL-C | |||
| N | 10954/29040 | 10881/28764 | 10865/28565 |
| Continuous [per 10 ng/ml decrease in 25(OH)D] | 0.16 (0.13, 0.20) | 0.07 (0.04, 0.11) | 0.08 (0.04, 0.11) |
| Optimal (≥30 ng/ml) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Deficient (<20 ng/ml) | 0.38 (0.31, 0.46) | 0.18 (0.10, 0.25) | 0.18 (0.11, 0.26) |
Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, race/center, and time since visit 2
Model 2 additionally adjusted for lifestyle factors (education, BMI, WC, physical activity, smoking, current alcohol)
Model 3 additionally adjusted for other CVD risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, eGFR) and for use of lipid lowering therapy
Abbreviations: LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; CVD, cardiovascular disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate