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. 2017 May 24;8:867. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00867

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

RING1A/B and the AGO1-miR390-TAS3 pathway additively regulate the vegetative phase transition in Arabidopsis. (A) Phenotypes of the ring1a ring1b and zip-1 plants. Wild-type, ring1a-2 ring1b-3, and zip-1 plants were grown under LD conditions for 4 weeks. Scale bar = 1 cm. (B) Northern blot analysis of small RNAs from the shoot apex of SD-grown 16-day-old wild-type, ring1a-2 ring1b-3, and zip-1 plants hybridized with probes against miR390 and TAS3 tasi-RNA. U6 was used as a loading control. (C) Analysis of the relative expression levels of ARF3 and ARF4 in the shoot apex of 16-day-old wild-type, ring1a-2 ring1b-3, and zip-1 plants grown under SD conditions by qRT-PCR. The levels were normalized to wild-type plants using ACTIN7 as an internal control. The result represents the mean + SEM of three independent experiments. p-values of relative mRNA level in ring1a-2 ring1b-3 or zip-1 versus wild-type were indicated. (D,E) Phenotypes of the ring1a ring1b, zip-1, rdr6, and sgs3 plants and their triple mutants. Plants of WT, ring1a-2 ring1b-3, zip-1, rdr6-11, and sgs3-11 and their triple mutants were grown under LD conditions for 4 weeks. Scale bar = 1 cm in (D). The result represents the mean ± SEM in (E). ∗p < 0.05. (F,G) Phenotypes of ring1a ring1b, ett3, and arf4 and of their triple and quadruple mutant plants. Plants of WT, ring1a-2 ring1b-3, ett3, and arf4 and their triple and quadruple mutant plants were grown under LD conditions for 4 weeks. Scale bar = 1 cm in (F). The results represent the mean ± SEM in (G). ∗p < 0.05. (H) Leaf phenotype observed in ring1a-2 ring1b-3 ett3 arf4. Scale bar = 1 cm.