Table 6.

Clinical characteristics of subjects with ASD and DD from aerial-exposed and control zip codes.

Measurement	Aerial-exposed zip codes	Control zip codes	p-Value
Mean age (years)	9.0	9.1	0.91
Female (%)	25.8	20.0	0.18
Mean age at Dx (months)	65	68	0.74
ASD (%)	76	78	0.25
ADOS score	10	12	0.31
BSITD score	79	65	0.12
DAY-C score	85	83	0.69
Vineland score	78	66	0.06
Comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (%)	31.4	24.1	0.10
Comorbid anxiety (%)	15.7	21.7	0.14
Parental nicotine/EtOH use (%)	13.8	13.6	0.94
Fall birth (%)	28.3	36.0	0.14
Syndromic disorder (%)	10.7	9.6	0.73

There were no differences observed between groups in developmental characteristics. Fall births in the months between September and December were measured to assess the percentage of children in the target zip codes who would have received third trimester exposure to aerial application of pyrethroid pesticides. Children with syndromic disorders represent all children with a known genetic condition (including trisomies, chromosomal deletions), or diagnosed syndrome (e.g., neurofibromatosis, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, tuberous sclerosis, Down syndrome, and Rhett syndrome).

ASD, autism spectrum disorder; DD, developmental delay; Dx, diagnosis; ADOS, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule; BSITD, Baylee Scales of Infant and Toddler Development; DAY-C, Developmental Assessment of Young Children; EtOH, ethanol.