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. 2017 Mar 28;13(5):2293–2303. doi: 10.3892/etm.2017.4270

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Microbubbles targeted to HUVECs in vitro. (A) ICAM-1 protein expression in HUVECs activated by various doses of TNF-α (0, 10, 20 and 50 ng/ml). (B) Representative images of CMBs and TCMB0s attached to resting and TNF-α-activated HUVECs. The inset shows a high-magnification view of a microbubble attached to a HUVEC. Magnification, ×400; scale bar, 150 µm. (C) Number of TCMBs adhered to HUVECs was 18.4-fold greater than that of CMBs following TNF-α stimulation (85±14 vs. 8±3 microbubbles per microscopic field). HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; CMB, non-targeted cationic microbubble; TCMB, targeted cationic microbubble; ICAM-1, intracellular adhesion molecule-1.