Angiogenesis and myocardial perfusion in infarcted hearts. (A) Neovascularization of the infarct and border areas was detected following immunostaining for von Willebrand factor. The number of capillaries was counted to calculate the microvascular density (scale bar, 50 µm). (B) MVD in the TCMB group was significantly higher than that of the CMB and the control groups. (C) Myocardial contrast echocardiography was performed to assess the myocardial perfusion [presented as the ratio of the signal intensity in the anterior wall (infarct area) to that in the inferior wall (non-infarct area)] in the infarct area. (D) Compared with the CMB and control groups, ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction-mediated Ang-1 gene delivery significantly improved myocardial perfusion in the TCMB group (n=20 in each of the TCMB and CMB groups; n=10 in the control group). MVD, microvascular density; TCMB, targeted cationic microbubble; CMB, non-targeted cationic microbubble.