Table I.
Positive area ratio of p-Akt, GSK-3β, ILK, TGF-β1, E-cadherin and α-SMA in the renal tubules and tubulointerstitium of normal controls and renal transplant recipients with antibody-mediated rejection.
| Group | N | p-Akt | GSK-3β | ILK | TGF-β1 | E-cadherin | α-SMA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal control | 9 | 2.99±1.18 | 11.12±6.56 | 1.67±0.80 | 4.01±1.16 | 30.71±7.36 | 0.34±0.33 |
| IF/TA-I | 12 | 27.21±7.80a | 31.60±6.85a | 14.20±5.93a | 23.44±4.18a | 12.04±3.47a | 12.09±4.39a |
| IF/TA-II | 14 | 45.72±7.18a,b | 42.08±10.63a,b | 23.94±5.90a,b | 41.14±6.21a,b | 7.49±1.83a,b | 26.25±5.39a,b |
| IF/TA-III | 12 | 61.97±9.28a–c | 57.42±11.43a–c | 37.92±8.12a–c | 64.82±8.56a–c | 3.27±1.36a–c | 32.16±5.06a,b,d |
a
P<0.01, compared to normal controls
b
P<0.01, compared to IF/TA-I group
c
P<0.01, compared to IF/TA-II group
a
P<0.05, compared to IF/TA-III group. ILK, integrin-linked kinase; p-Akt, phosphorylated Akt; GSK, glycogen synthase kinase; TGF, transforming growth factor; SMA, smooth muscle actin; IF/TA-I–III, interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy grade I–III according to Banff 2009 criteria.