Table 1.
Unadjusted Descriptive Characteristics of Study Participants by Sex
| Characteristics | Males (n = 119) | Females (n = 156) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 17.1 (16.52, 17.63) | 17.2 (16.43, 17.67) |
| BMI-Z | 0.36 ± 1.20 | 0.72 ± 1.07b |
| Waist (cm) | 79.1 (73.00, 89.50) | 82.5 (74.45, 92.45) |
| Tanner 2 (n) | 2 | 0 |
| Tanner 3 (n) | 1 | 5 |
| Tanner 4 (n) | 39 | 28 |
| Tanner 5 (n) | 77 | 123 |
| Tanner 5 (%) | 64.71 | 78.85 |
| Laboratory measures | ||
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 90.0 (86.00, 93.00) | 86.0 (82.00, 91.00)c |
| Two-hour glucose (mg/dL) | 88.0 (77.00, 103.0) | 100 (85.00, 119.0)c |
| Fasting insulin (IU/mL) | 12.0 (9.00, 17.00) | 14.0 (11.00, 19.00)b |
| Two-hour insulin (IU/mL) | 36.0 (20.50, 55.00) | 72.5 (45.00, 117.0)c |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 134 (121.0, 153.0) | 140 (122.0, 168.0) |
| TG (mg/dL) | 76.0 (55.00, 99.00) | 85.0 (61.00, 122.0)b |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 44.0 (39.00, 49.00) | 45.0 (38.00, 53.00) |
| TG:HDL | 1.69 (1.21, 2.23) | 1.95 (1.30, 2.79)a |
| Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 75.2 (62.60, 91.60) | 82.0 (64.00, 107.0)a |
| FFA baseline (mmol/L) | 364 (264.0, 526.0) | 458 (343.5, 616.8)b |
| Mean total metabolic equivalents | 67.3 (57.50, 82.00) | 62.7 (56.67, 71.00)b |
| Mitochondrial controls | ||
| Muscle area (mm2) | 4238 (3575, 5100) | 3644 (3205, 41,965)c |
| Average force (kg) | 27.7 (24.05, 31.37) | 28.4 (24.98, 31.47) |
Values are mean ± standard deviation, median (25th percentile, 75th percentile), or n (%) as indicated.
a
P < 0.05–0.01.
b
P < 0.01–0.001.
c
P < 0.001.