Figure 2. Epithelial IL-23R Controls Microbial Expansion of Flagellated Bacteria in DSS Colitis.

(A) PcoA of 16S rDNA sequences was performed on Bray Curtis distance matrices calculated on log-transformed species level (97% similarity) operational taxonomic unit (OUT) abundance data. p Values were generated by NPMANOVA.

(B) Abundances of dominant bacterial groups (genus level) before and after DSS treatment in the feces of Il23r^fl and Il23r^ΔIEC mice according to inferred flagellation status (flagellated, non-flagellated, or unknown; see the Supplemental Experimental Procedures for details) in response to DSS.

(C) Bar plot showing the relative proportion of genes assigned to flagellar assembly pathways in Il23r^fl and Il23r^ΔIEC animals at baseline and after DSS treatment (PICRUst algorithm). The median, lower, and upper quartiles are shown. Asterisks indicate significant differences (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test and Welch’s test for two groups (*p < 0.05). See the Supplemental Experimental Procedures for details regarding phylogenomic analyses.

(D) Load of fecal flagellin measured in Il23r^fl and Il23r^ΔIEC mice before and after induction of colitis as measured by TLR5 reporter assay (HEK Blue cells) (Cullender et al., 2013). Data are representative of minimum of n = 3 male animals per group.