Table 3. Comparisons of plasma biomarkers between survivors and nonsurvivors of severe sepsis and septic shock.

Variables*	Survivors (n = 57)	Nonsurvivors (n = 29)	p value
Kallistatin (μg/ml)
Day 1	3.7 (2.3–6.9)	2.8 (1.6–3.7)	0.031
Day 3	4.1 (3.0–8.9)	3.7 (1.5–6.0)	0.082
Day 5	5.3 (3.4–10.2)	3.3 (1.5–8.3)	0.058
Kallikrein (pg/ml)
Day 1	602.2 (332.5–1261.5)	655.1 (287.5–952.0)	0.625
Day 3	621.6 (244.6–1354.5)	410.7 (120.6–950.7)	0.233
Day 5	487.3 (179.6–1243.0)	436.1 (153.9–937.1)	0.478
TNF-α (pg/ml)
Day 1	9.1 (2.7–52.1)	17.9 (3.5–124.5)	0.304
Day 3	5.0 (2.3–34.7)	9.2 (3.1–61.2)	0.446
Day 5	3.5 (2.1–46.8)	13.8 (2.8–76.2)	0.170
IL-1β (pg/ml)
Day 1	0.5 (0.2–1.0)	0.6 (0.2–2.0)	0.376
Day 3	0.4 (0.1–0.8)	0.4 (0.1–1.6)	0.183
Day 5	0.3 (0.1–0.9)	0.7 (0.4–1.3)	0.052
IL-6 (pg/ml)
Day 1	44.7 (12.4–105.4)	85.7 (21.8–939.3)	0.035
Day 3	33.7 (10.4–61.9)	65.0 (23.1–262.3)	0.007
Day 5	21.1 (3.1–36.0)	50.3 (24.6–116.7)	0.001
IL-8 (pg/ml)
Day 1	24.8 (12.2–42.4)	50.6 (22.9–281.1)	0.003
Day 3	14.7 (6.9–36.8)	45.1 (17.8–111.2)	0.002
Day 5	15.5 (5.0–30.8)	41.9 (15.8–169.1)	0.001
CRP (μg/ml)
Day 1	79.2 (38.5–192.5)	155.5 (71.6–259.0)	0.008

Data are expressed as the median (interquartile range). TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; IL, interleukin; CRP, C-reactive protein.

*Samples of 4 patients (1 survivor and 3 nonsurvivors) from day 3, and 12 (5 survivors and 7 nonsurvivors) from day 5 were missing.