Table 1.

Summary table for Pseudoaneurysm.

Etiology	Disruption in arterial wall and damage to muscular layer prevents vessel sealing and contraction. Blood extravasates and may clot. In the chronic setting, this creates a fibrinous wall which is prone to rupturing.
Incidence	Unknown in trauma 0.5–2% after diagnostic catheterization 2–6% in interventional procedures
Gender Ratio	Not gender specific
Age Predilection	Not related to age
Risk Factors	Blunt or penetrating trauma Vascular anastomosis Interventional or diagnostic vascular access
Treatment	2–3cm pseudoaneurysms often spontaneously thrombose without intervention Ultrasound guided compression Ultrasound guided fibrin injection Angiographic coil embolization Endovascular stent exclusion Surgical repair
Prognosis	If recognized and treated prior to shock and its sequelae, excellent prognosis
Imaging Findings	US: “To and fro” pattern of blood entering false lumen in systole, re-entering native lumen in diastole. CT: Contrast extravasation in arterial phase into a contained space. MRI: T1-weighted MRI will demonstrate a flow void within an aneurysmal sac secondary to turbulent flow. Angiography: Contrast extravasation from vessel lumen with circulating flow re-entering the native lumen.