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. 2017 Apr 19;7(3):1–18. doi: 10.1080/2159256X.2017.1318201

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© 2017 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.

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Figure 5. — Retrotransposons and the LTR retrotransposition mechanism. (A) Non-LTR transposons encode both Gag and Pol, but are not flanked by LTRs. LTR retrotransposons contain gag and pol genes surrounded by LTRs. In addition to gag and pol genes, retroviruses encode an env gene. (B) Gag and pol of retrotransposon mRNAs are first translated into a polyprotein. The protease (PR) of the Pol cleaves the peptide into integrase (IN) and reverse transcriptase (RT) enzymes. The RT, retrotransposon and IN are then packaged into virus-like particles (VLPs) for import into the nucleus where retrotransposon cDNA is integrated into the genome (red X). The mechanisms by which VLP contents are localized to the nucleus and retrotransposon cDNA is integrated into the target site are unknown (?).