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. 2017 May 24;7:2344. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-02454-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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AFM force measurement; (a) Schematic of force spectroscopy setup for H-M assembly. (b) A typical force-distance (F-D) curve; the specific unbinding fingerprint is highlighted with an arrow. The green line indicates worm-like-chain (WLC) fitting that estimate the rupture force (Fr). (c) Force histograms for H-M (n = 180, blue) and H-H (n = 175, dark grey) complexes; black lines indicate Gaussian fitting. (d) Bar diagram showing the mean rupture force for H-M (blue) and H-H (grey) assemblies from three independent experiments. Asterisks indicate statistical significance between the two groups using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (***p < 0.005). The experimental conditions were as follows: retraction speed, 500 nm/s; buffer, 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0); room temperature. n is the number of data points.