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. 2017 May 24;7:2360. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-02546-x

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of colonic administration of SCFA mixtures on fasting and postprandial plasma acetate (A,B), propionate (C,D), and butyrate (E–G) concentrations (A) Fasting (t0–t120 min) and postprandial (t180–t300 min) plasma acetate concentrations after colonic SCFA infusions. (B) iAUC for fasting (t0–t120 min) plasma acetate following colonic SCFA infusions. Overall treatment effect for fasting plasma acetate P = 0.051 (period P = 0.338, carry-over P = 0.898). (C) Fasting (t0–t120 min) and postprandial (t180–t300 min) plasma propionate concentrations after colonic SCFA infusions. (D) iAUC for postprandial (t180–t300 min) plasma propionate following colonic SCFA infusions. Overall treatment effect for postprandial plasma propionate P = 0.068 (period P = 0.781, carry-over P = 0.896). (E) Fasting (t0–t120 min) and postprandial (t180–t300 min) plasma butyrate concentrations after colonic SCFA infusions. (F) iAUC for fasting (t0–t120 min) plasma butyrate following colonic SCFA infusions. Overall treatment effect for fasting plasma butyrate P < 0.001 (period P = 0.997, carry-over P = 0.879) (G) iAUC for postprandial (t180–t300 min) plasma butyrate following colonic SCFA infusions. Overall treatment effect for postprandial plasma butyrate P = 0.032 (period P = 0.754, carry-over P = 0.971). Values are means ± SEMs (n = 12). Statistical significance indicated as asterisk (*) when ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05 and as hashtag when ^# P < 0.10.