Table 1.
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and adjusted means (95% confidence interval (95% CI)) for laboratory and clinical parameters after the 12 weeks (after Exenatide therapy), 1 year and 2 years of STII therapy.
| STII only group | STII+ Exenatide group | P value* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean/Adjusted mean | 95% CI | Mean/Adjusted mean | 95% CI | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m²) | |||||
| Baseline | 24.7 | (23.9, 25.5) | 25.2 | (24.4, 25.9) | 0.421 |
| After 12 weeks | 24.8 | (23.7, 25.8) | 23.6 | (22.7, 24.4) | 0.081 |
| After 1 year | 24.7 | (24.1, 25.4) | 24.1 | (23.7, 24.5) | 0.103 |
| After 2 years | 24.5 | (23.7, 25.2) | 23.8 | (23.3, 24.3) | 0.170 |
| Waist (cm) | |||||
| Baseline | 85.8 | (83.6, 88.0) | 87.7 | (85.6, 89.8) | 0.222 |
| After 12 weeks | 84.2 | (82.7, 85.7) | 82.2 | (81.0, 83.5) | 0.048* |
| After 1 year | 84.8 | (82.4, 87.2) | 82.7 | (81.1, 84.3) | 0.151 |
| After 2 years | 82.7 | (80.3, 85.1) | 81.0 | (79.3, 82.6) | 0.247 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | |||||
| Baseline | 122.9 | (120.3, 125.6) | 124.4 | (122.0, 126.9) | 0.083 |
| After 12 weeks | 125.7 | (122.4, 129.0) | 121.9 | (119.3, 124.6) | 0.082 |
| After 1 year | 130.2 | (124.4, 136.0) | 124.7 | (120.8, 128.6) | 0.127 |
| After 2 years | 128.4 | (121.9, 135.0) | 125.0 | (120.5, 129.5) | 0.404 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | |||||
| Baseline | 77.8 | (75.6, 78.0) | 79.2 | (77.5, 81.0) | 0.312 |
| After 12 weeks | 79.4 | (77.0, 81.8) | 78.0 | (76.0, 80.0) | 0.374 |
| After 1 year | 78.4 | (74.0, 82.9) | 77.2 | (74.2, 80.2) | 0.654 |
| After 2 years | 73.7 | (69.5, 77.9) | 74.4 | (71.5, 77.4) | 0.784 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | |||||
| Baseline | 2.38 | (1.57, 3.21) | 2.09 | (1.65, 2.53) | 0.516 |
| After 12 weeks | 1.17 | (0.93, 1.42) | 1.11 | (0.91, 1.31) | 0.707 |
| After 1 year | 1.38 | (0.89, 1.87) | 1.55 | (1.16, 1.93) | 0.602 |
| After 2 years | 1.30 | (0.88, 1.71) | 1.32 | (1.07, 1.58) | 0.923 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | |||||
| Baseline | 5.12 | (4.84, 5.40) | 5.15 | (4.86, 5.48) | 0.326 |
| After 12 weeks | 4.70 | (4.23, 5.17) | 4.21 | (3.81, 4.61) | 0.119 |
| After 1 year | 4.45 | (4.05, 4.86) | 4.72 | (4.39, 5.03) | 0.316 |
| After 2 years | 4.83 | (4.37, 5.29) | 4.75 | (4.46, 5.03) | 0.768 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | |||||
| Baseline | 1.03 | (0.92, 1.37) | 1.26 | (1.06, 1.47) | 0.416 |
| After 12 weeks | 1.29 | (1.03, 1.55) | 1.36 | (1.14, 1.58) | 0.670 |
| After 1 year | 1.12 | (0.91, 1.33) | 1.37 | (1.20, 1.54) | 0.072 |
| After 2 years | 1.11 | (0.59, 1.63) | 1.67 | (1.36, 1.99) | 0.073 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | |||||
| Baseline | 3.17 | (2.88, 3.46) | 3.30 | (3.10, 3.55) | 0.158 |
| After 12 weeks | 2.87 | (2.53, 3.21) | 2.28 | (1.98, 2.56) | 0.009* |
| After 1 year | 2.70 | (2.34, 3.07) | 2.65 | (2.36, 2.94) | 0.817 |
| After 2 years | 3.11 | (2.56, 3.65) | 2.50 | (2.15, 2.85) | 0.066 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | |||||
| Baseline | 12.1 | (11.3, 13.1) | 11.2 | (10.5, 12.4) | 0.226 |
| After 12 weeks | 6.32 | (5.85, 6.78) | 6.31 | (5.93, 6.69) | 0.984 |
| After 1 year | 5.97 | (5.54, 6.41) | 6.08 | (5.80, 6.37) | 0.678 |
| After 2 years | 6.02 | (5.45, 6.67) | 6.26 | (5.85, 6.68) | 0.604 |
| HbA1c (%) | |||||
| Baseline | 10.2 | (9.59,10.84) | 9.9 | (9.27,10.49) | 0.601 |
| After 12 weeks | 6.49 | (6.20, 6.77) | 5.83 | (5.60, 6.06) | < 0.001* |
| After 1 year | 6.25 | (5.90, 6.59) | 6.17 | (5.92, 6.41) | 0.701 |
| After 2 years | 6.16 | (5.50, 6.82) | 6.11 | (5.66, 6.57) | 0.912 |
| HOMA-B | |||||
| Baseline | 45.3 | (35.2, 55.4) | 44.0 | (35.6, 52.3) | 0.842 |
| After 12 weeks | 89.4 | (57.1, 121.8) | 77.3 | (51.9, 102.7) | 0.564 |
| After 1 year | 123.9 | (87.5, 160.4) | 84.6 | (59.5, 109.6) | 0.083 |
| After 2 years | 95.9 | (71.6, 120.2) | 85.0 | (70.9, 99.0) | 0.446 |
| HOMA-IR | |||||
| Baseline | 2.93 | (2.51, 3.34) | 2.83 | (2.39, 3.27) | 0.746 |
| After 12 weeks | 2.82 | (2.25, 3.39) | 2.87 | (2.43, 3.32) | 0.872 |
| After 1 year | 3.42 | (2.64, 4.19) | 3.04 | (2.50, 3.58) | 0.435 |
| After 2 years | 3.55 | (2.79, 4.30) | 2.68 | (2.25, 3.11) | 0.051 |
*p < 0.05, p value for analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) between two groups with adjustment for the corresponding variables at baseline when necessary.
HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA, homeostasis model assessment; IR, insulin resistance index; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.