Figure 3.

Sex differences in patterns of care. (a) Female escorts were more likely to pair with female pups (dark-grey bars) and male escorts with male pups (light-grey bars). Numbers are counts of observed escorting relationships. (b) Female escorts allocated more care to female pups (dark grey area, solid line) when compared with male pups (light-grey area, dotted line) when the adult female group size was low. Lines in (b) and (c) represent GLMM model predictions ± s.e. and dots present raw data, see electronic supplementary material, tables S1–S3 for full results. (c) Heavier pups were more likely to be escorted, and the effect of weight was more pronounced in female pups (dark-grey area, solid line) than in male pups (grey area, dotted line). (d) Overall, male pups received more care in existing escorting relationships than female pups, both from male and female escorts.