Figure 4.

Reduced glucose uptake and enhanced hypothalamic NPY expression in IR^lox/lox;NPY^Cre/+mice. (A) Fed and overnight (O/N) fasted blood glucose levels and (B) serum insulin levels determined in 16-week-old IR^lox/lox and IR^lox/lox;NPY^Cre/+ mice. (C–D) Blood glucose levels in IR^lox/lox and IR^lox/lox;NPY^Cre/+ mice undergoing insulin tolerance and glucose tolerance tests, respectively. (A–D, n = 7–10 per group). Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies in IR^lox/lox and IR^lox/lox;NPY^Cre/+ mice. (E) Blood glucose and (F) hepatic glucose output during basal and insulin stimulated conditions. (G–H) Glucose infusion rate during the clamp. (I) Whole body glucose disappearance and glucose uptake into (J) gastrocnemius (gastroc) and quadriceps (quad) muscles and epididymal (WATe) and inguinal (WATi) fat pads. (K–L) Muscle and liver triglyceride levels in IR^lox/lox and IR^lox/lox;NPY^Cre/+ mice. (E–L, n = 5–7 per group). (M–N) Hypothalamic Npy and Pomc expression in IR^lox/lox and IR^lox/lox;NPY^Cre/+ mice determined by qRTPCR. (O–R) Brain slices from IR^lox/lox and IR^lox/lox;NPY^Cre/+ showing in situ hybridization of Npy, Agrp, and Pomc. Representative photographs showing expression of Npy mRNA in the ARC of IR^lox/lox and IR^lox/lox;NPY^Cre/+ mice (M–R, n = 4–5 per group). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05.