FIG. 1.
Locomotor training induced plasticity in animals and humans. Summary of the effects of step-training on various aspects of the locomotor circuitry in animal models (all panels, left) and in humans (all panels, right). Electromyographic (EMG) data for complete and incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) individuals provided courtesy of Dr. Maria Knikou. AIS, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale; ES, electrical stimulation; NA, noradrenalin; VLF, ventrolateral funiculus; PICs, persistent inward currents.