Table 1.
Characteristics of the Study Patients at Baseline, According to Study Group.*
| Characteristic | Lower Target (N = 349) | Higher Target (N = 349) |
|---|---|---|
| Age at ICU admission | ||
| Median (IQR) — yr | 5.5 (1.4–12.5) | 6.7 (1.7–12.8) |
| Age group — no. (%) | ||
| <2 yr | 100 (28.7) | 101 (28.9) |
| 2 to <7 yr | 94 (26.9) | 82 (23.5) |
| 7 to <18 yr | 155 (44.4) | 166 (47.6) |
| Female sex — no. (%) | 164 (47.0) | 169 (48.4) |
| Black race — no./total no. (%)† | 86/336 (25.6) | 85/335 (25.4) |
| Hispanic ethnic group — no./total no. (%)† | 79/348 (22.7) | 82/347 (23.6) |
| Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category of 1 — no. (%)‡ | 242 (69.3) | 237 (67.9) |
| Pediatric Overall Performance Category of 1 — no. (%)‡ | 226 (64.8) | 217 (62.2) |
| Any known genetic syndrome — no. (%) | 59 (16.9) | 69 (19.8) |
| Primary reason for ICU admission — no. (%) | ||
| Respiratory, including infection | 182 (52.1) | 183 (52.4) |
| Cardiovascular, including shock | 58 (16.6) | 51 (14.6) |
| Neurologic | 30 (8.6) | 34 (9.7) |
| Traumatic | 35 (10.0) | 24 (6.9) |
| Postoperative care | 18 (5.2) | 31 (8.9) |
| Gastrointestinal or hepatic | 16 (4.6) | 15 (4.3) |
| Other§ | 10 (2.9) | 11 (3.2) |
| Insulin at randomization — no. (%) | 44 (12.6) | 57 (16.3) |
| Glucocorticoid therapy at randomization — no. (%) | 184 (52.7) | 178 (51.0) |
| Inotropic support for hypotension at randomization — no. (%) | 182 (52.1) | 168 (48.1) |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation at randomization — no. (%) | ||
| Endotracheal tube | 336 (96.3) | 331 (94.8) |
| Tracheostomy | 8 (2.3) | 13 (3.7) |
| None | 5 (1.4) | 5 (1.4) |
| ECMO at randomization — no. (%) | 13 (3.7) | 20 (5.7) |
| PRISM III-12 score¶ | ||
| Median | 12 | 12 |
| IQR | 7–19 | 7–18 |
| Risk of death in the ICU, according to PRISM III-12 score — % | ||
| Median | 11.7 | 9.5 |
| IQR | 2.7–39.1 | 2.9–30.9 |
Patients in the lower-target group had their blood glucose level controlled to a target range of 80 to 110 mg per deciliter (4.4 to 6.1 mmol per liter), and those in the higher-target group to a target range of 150 to 180 mg per deciliter (8.3 to 10.0 mmol per liter). There were no significant between-group differences in the characteristics at baseline in the perprotocol population. ECMO denotes extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ICU intensive care unit, and IQR interquartile range.
Race and ethnic group were as reported in the medical record.
The scales for the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category and Pediatric Overall Performance Category range from 1 to 6, with lower scores indicating less disability.
Other includes oncologic, renal, metabolic, and hematologic reasons.
The scale for the Pediatric Risk of Mortality III score from the first 12 hours in the ICU (the PRISM III-12 score) ranges from 0 to 74, with higher scores indicating a higher risk of death.