Comparisons between IspH/IspG structures with various ligands binding to the unique, 4th Fe site. A, PPP (5) bound to EcIspH (red) and EcIspG (green) (PDB ID codes 3URK, 4S3E). B, Superposition of EcIspH PPP (5)/H2O (red) and thiolate (cyan, 7) X-ray structues (PDB ID codes 3URK, 4H4E). C, Superposition of PPP (5)/H2O IspG (green) structures with PPP (5)/H2O-GcPE reaction intermediate structures (magenta) (PDB ID codes 4S3B, 4S3E). All structures contain a σ-bonding ligand (H2O, RNH2, RSH, enolate) at the unique, 4th Fe structure. Three water molecules binding to 4th Fe lead to low stability; a H2O and a “bulky” ligand (that prevents binding of additional water molecules) leads to more stable species. D, Superposition of E307 from AaIspG (blue) and PPP (5)/H2O-GcPE structures (green) (PDB ID codes 3NOY, 4S3E).