Table 3.

Quality of life and willingness to pay for effective headache care, by headache type

Headache type	Quality of life (WHOQoL-8 summed score) mean ± SD	Willingness to pay
		Na	Absolute (USD/month) mean ± SD [median]	% of income mean ± SD [median]
No headache (N = 1314	30.5 ± 3.1	-
Migraine (N = 452)	29.5 ± 3.0 (p < 0.0001)	406	1.57 ± 1.91 [0.79]	8.5 ± 18.5 [3.0]
Tension-type headache (N = 493)	29.3 ± 3.0 (p < 0.0001)	473	1.32 ± 1.74 [0.79]	3.9 ± 6.2 [2.5]
Probable MOH (N = 21)	26.3 ± 4.6 (p = 0.0005)	11	1.54 ± 1.97 [1.06]	2.1 ± 1.8 [1.3]
Other headache on ≥15 d/m (N = 67)	27.0 ± 3.4 (p < 0.0001)	64	1.46 ± 1.34 [1.06]	4.6 ± 5.1 [2.4]

^aNot all participants answered the questions on WTP, or on income levels. MOH medication-overuse headache, d/m days/month. Values of p are for comparisons with no headache (Student’s t-test, 2-sided)