Tab.2.
Association of PM2.5 exposure with episodes of respiratory tract diseases in children and adult group.
| N | RR (95%CI) Random-effects | P (I2) | P for Egger / Begg bias test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children Symptom | ||||
| Wheezing | 10 [18,19,23-25,30,32,33,35,39] | 1.082 (1.011, 1.158) | 0.000 (77.2%) | 0.079 / 0.107 |
| Bronchitis | 5 [18,26,29-31] | 1.145 (0.957, 1.370) | 0.000 (90.2%) | 0.593 / 1.000 |
| Cough | 10 [18-21,23,24,29,30,32,33] | 1.075 (1.019, 1.134) | 0.002 (65.4%) | 0.007 / 0.721 |
| Asthma | 8 [18,27,34,38,40,41,47,48] | 1.119 (0.989, 1.266) | 0.000 (98.5%) | 0.910 / 0.536 |
| Lower respiratory illness | 4 [18,19,21,36] | 1.153 (1.033, 1.287) | 0.006 (76.2%) | 0.064 / 0.308 |
| Respiratory infections | 2 [22,30] | 1.050 (0.930,1.184) | 0.409 (0.00%) | N/A / 1.000 |
| Pneumonia | 1 [46] | 2.580 (0.910,7.270) | - | - |
| Total | 40 | 1.104 (1.069, 1.139) | 0.000 (95.4%) | 0.025 / 0.408 |
| Adult Symptom | ||||
| Wheezing | 4 [24,28,42,44] | 1.053 (0.964, 1.150) | 0.229 (30.5%) | 0.593 / 1.000 |
| Bronchitis | 1 [44] | 0.980 (0.860, 1.110) | - | - |
| Cough | 4 [24,28,42,44] | 0.951 (0.885, 1.021) | 0.493 (0.00%) | 0.713 / 0.308 |
| Asthma | 7 [27,28,37,42-45] | 0.999 (0.978, 1.021) | 0.553 (0.00%) | 0.581 / 1.000 |
| Lung cancer | 4 [49,50,51,52] | 1.064 (0.991, 1.142) | 0.216 (30.8%) | 0.691 / 0.806 |
| Total | 20 | 1.022 (0.986, 1.058) | 0.000 (64.6%) | 0.132 / 0.546 |
P (I2): P-value for test of heterogeneity, I2 of Higgins and Thompson reflecting the proportion of total variation in the estimate that is due to heterogeneity between studies. LRI: lower respiratory illness. Bold: significant results.