Table 5.
Statistical analyses
| Incidence (chi-square test) | Severity (t-test) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | χ2 | df | OR | P | t | df | d | P | |
| Comparison of the incidence and severity of phonological impairments in patients with damage to one of the TMS-guided regions relative to size-matched controls (see also Table 3) | |||||||||
| TMS-guided SMG | 8 versus 30 | a | a | a | 0.001 | 2.91 | 36 | 1.16 | 0.006 |
| TMS-guided pOp | 13 versus 30 | 6.93 | 1 | 6.67 | 0.008 | 2.56 | 41 | 0.85 | 0.014 |
| Comparison of the incidence and severity of impairments on the phonological measure relative to that on each of the control tasks in patients with damage to one of the TMS-guided regions (see also Table 4) | |||||||||
| TMS-guided SMG: | |||||||||
| Phon versus Writ-HW | 10 | 2.00b | 1 | – | 0.157 | 2.45 | 9 | 0.77 | 0.037 |
| Phon versus VW-P | 10 | 4.00b | 1 | – | 0.046 | 3.69 | 9 | 1.17 | 0.005 |
| Phon versus AW-P | 10 | 4.00b | 1 | – | 0.046 | 2.25 | 9 | 0.71 | 0.051 |
| Phon versus Sem-A | 8 | 6.00b | 1 | – | 0.014 | 3.19 | 7 | 1.13 | 0.015 |
| TMS-guided pOp: | |||||||||
| Phon versus Writ-HW | 25 | 0.00b | 1 | – | 1.000 | 4.73 | 24 | 0.95 | <0.001 |
| Phon versus VW-P | 25 | 0.82b | 1 | – | 0.366 | 2.95 | 24 | 0.59 | 0.007 |
| Phon versus AW-P | 25 | 8.33b | 1 | – | 0.004 | 4.10 | 24 | 0.82 | <0.001 |
| Phon versus Sem-A | 24 | 15.21b | 1 | – | <0.001 | 5.32 | 23 | 1.09 | <0.001 |
| Comparison of the within-subject difference between phonological and semantic scores in patients with damage to one of the TMS-guided regions relative to controls (see also Table 4) | |||||||||
| TMS-guided SMG: | |||||||||
| Phon − VW-P | 10 versus 100 | – | – | – | – | 2.82 | 108 | 0.93 | 0.006 |
| Phon − AW-P | 10 versus 100 | – | – | – | – | 2.18 | 108 | 0.72 | 0.031 |
| Phon − Sem-A | 8 versus 97 | – | – | – | – | 3.29 | 103 | 1.21 | 0.001 |
| TMS-guided pOp: | |||||||||
| Phon − VW-P | 25 versus 100 | – | – | – | – | 2.58 | 123 | 0.58 | 0.011 |
| Phon − AW-P | 25 versus 100 | – | – | – | – | 3.12 | 123 | 0.70 | 0.002 |
| Phon − Sem-A | 24 versus 97 | – | – | – | – | 5.72 | 119 | 1.30 | <0.001 |
Phon = combined non-word reading and digit span; Writ-HW = writing heard words; VW-P = visual word-to-picture matching; AW-P = auditory word-to-picture matching; Sem-A = semantic associations; d = Cohen’s d.
aFisher’s exact test. bMcNemar’s chi-square test.