Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| Total | Men | Women | Alive | Deceased | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | |||||
| n = 1037 | n = 268 | n = 769 | n = 549 | n = 488 | |
| Age | 89.4 ± 6.2 | 88.0 ± 5.9 | 89.9 ± 6.3* | 87.9 ± 6.4 | 91.0 ± 5.5* |
| Sex, female | 769 (74) | 412 (75) | 357 (73) | ||
| Deceased ≤ 2 years | 488 (47) | 131 (49) | 357 (46) | ||
| Medical conditions and diagnoses | |||||
| Alzheimer's disease | 536 (52) | 135 (50) | 401 (52) | 309 (56) | 227 (47)* |
| Vascular dementia | 398 (38) | 121 (45) | 277 (36)* | 196 (36) | 202 (41) |
| Other dementia | 137 (13) | 31 (12) | 106 (14) | 68 (12) | 69 (14) |
| Non-specified dementia | 62 (6) | 11 (4) | 51 (7) | 30 (5) | 32 (7) |
| Delirium, last month | 494 (48) | 126 (47) | 368 (48) | 221 (40) | 273 (56)* |
| Depressive disorder | 525 (51) | 129 (48) | 396 (51) | 276 (50) | 249 (51) |
| Angina pectoris | 370 (36) | 104 (39) | 266 (35) | 171 (31) | 199 (41)* |
| Atrial fibrillation | 213 (21) | 66 (25) | 147 (19) | 98 (18) | 115 (24)* |
| Congestive heart failure | 359 (35) | 87 (32) | 272 (35) | 150 (27) | 209 (43)* |
| Diabetes mellitus | 165 (16) | 55 (21) | 110 (14)* | 86 (16) | 79 (16) |
| Hip fracture, ever | 187 (18) | 32 (12) | 155 (20)* | 96 (17) | 91 (19) |
| Malignant disease, ever | 196 (19) | 71 (26) | 125 (16)* | 100 (18) | 96 (20) |
| Myocardial infarction, ever (12.2% imputed) | 198 (19) | 61 (23) | 137 (18) | 86 (16) | 112 (23)* |
| Stroke, ever | 257 (25) | 78 (29) | 179 (23) | 124 (23) | 133 (27) |
| Prescribed drugs | |||||
| Antipsychotics | 230 (22) | 54 (20) | 176 (23) | 113 (21) | 117 (24) |
| Antidepressants | 388 (37) | 94 (35) | 294 (38) | 203 (37) | 185 (38) |
| Bensodiazepines | 404 (39) | 87 (32) | 317 (41)* | 205 (37) | 199 (41) |
| Analgesics | 691 (67) | 154 (57) | 537 (70)* | 332 (60) | 359 (74)* |
| Antiepileptics | 47 (5) | 13 (5) | 34 (4) | 27 (5) | 20 (4) |
| Cholinesterase inhibitors | 163 (16) | 52 (19) | 111 (14) | 100 (18) | 63 (13)* |
| Memantine | 38 (4) | 11 (4) | 27 (4) | 22 (4) | 16 (3) |
| Number of prescribed drugs | 7.7 ± 3.8 | 7.2 ± 3.9 | 7.9 ± 3.8* | 7.1 ± 3.6 | 8.4 ± 4.0* |
| Scales and measurements | |||||
| Barthel ADL index (6.5% imputed) | 12.0 ± 6.1 | 13.2 ± 5.9 | 11.6 ± 6.2* | 13.8 ± 5.5 | 9.9 ± 6.2* |
| BMI (14.9% imputed) | 25.2 ± 4.9 | 25.4 ± 4.3 | 25.1 ± 5.1 | 26.0 ± 4.9 | 24.3 ± 4.8* |
| GDS-15 (35.1% imputed) | 4.2 ± 3.0 | 4.1 ± 3.1 | 4.2 ± 2.9 | 4.0 ± 2.9 | 4.4 ± 3.1* |
| MMSE (14.2% imputed) | 13.8 ± 6.7 | 15.3 ± 6.0 | 13.2 ± 6.8* | 15.5 ± 6.1 | 11.8 ± 6.8* |
Notes: Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation or as number (%). Group differences marked with * are statistically significant (p < 0.05). ADL Activities of Daily Living, BMI Body Mass Index, GDS-15 Geriatric Depression Scale, 15-item version, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination