Table 3.
Factors and results in direct cardiac reprogramming of human cells
| Factors | Original cell | Markers and efficiency | AP | Ca2+ transient | Beating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ETS2, MESP1 [49] | DF | NKX2.5-tdTomato+: 30 colonies/plate (cardiac progenitor) | – | – | – |
| GATA4, MEF2C, TBX5, MESP1, MYOCD [32] | HCF | cTnT+: 5.9% α-actinin+: 5.5% |
+ | + | + |
| GATA4, MEF2C, TBX5, ESRRG, MESP1, MYOCD, ZFPM2 [6] | ESC, FH, neonatal skin | α-MHC-mCherry+: 15.8% α-MHC-mCherry+ & cTnT+: 13% |
+ | + | ND |
| GATA4, MEF2C, TBX5, MESP1, MYOCD, miR-133 [28] | HCF | cTnT+: 27.8% α-actinin+: 8% |
ND | + | + |
| GATA4, HAND2, MYOCD, TBX5, miR-1, miR-133 [31] | HFF | cTnT+: 34.1% | ND | + | + |
| CHIR99021, A83-01, BIXO1294, AS8351, SC1, Y27632, OAC2, SU16F, JNJ [36] | HFF | cTnT+: 6.6% | + | + | + |
Differential factors combination and original cells used in human cardiac reprogramming result in different efficiency, revealed by the expression of cardiomyocyte markers, electrophysiological characters and beating property
α-MHC α-myosin heavy chain, AP action potential, cTnT cardiac troponin T, DF dermal fibroblast, ESC embryonic stem cell, FH fetal heart, HCF human cardiac fibroblast, HFF human foreskin fibroblast, ND not detected