Table 1.

Individual and environmental characteristics

Individual characteristics	Specifications	Environmental characteristics	Specifications
Age	Younger vs. older	% of residents	1) Aged 65 or older 2) With less than high school education 3) Living under the low-income threshold 4) Immigrant (i.e. born outside Canada)
Gender	Women vs. men
Marital status	In a couple vs. alone
Education	Higher vs. lower
Income		Median income	Higher vs. lower
Socioeconomic status (SES)		Materially or socially deprived area	Less vs. more
Wealth		Population size
Social status		Urban, rural or remote area
Chronic condition	Less vs. more
Pain
Disability
Stress
Medications
Falls
Social support	More vs. less
Driver’s license and means of transportation	Yes vs. no