Table 1.
Demographics and entry study profiles for non-Parkinsonian subjects and PD patients
| Non-Parkinsonian subjects | PD patients | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics a | N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) |
| Age (years) | 17 | 65 (7) | 20 | 64 (7) |
| Time since first symptoms (years) | n/a | n/a | 20 | 7 (3) |
| Time since diagnosis (years) | n/a | n/a | 19 | 6 (3) |
| UPDRS III score | n/a | n/a | 20 | 22 (8) |
| N (Percentage) | N (Percentage) | |
|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 9 (53) | 16 (80) |
| Caucasian race | 17 (100) | 20 (100) |
| Job with pesticides | 1 (5) | 2 (10) |
| Exposure to pesticides | 4 (24) | 10 (50) |
| Job with chemical solvents | 4 (24) | 8 (40) |
| Job with other chemical fumes | 4 (24) | 8 (40) |
| Job with heavy metals | 2 (12) | 2 (10) |
| Hematological parameter | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) |
| WBC × 103/μL | 6.3 (1.4) | 6.8 (1.6) |
| RBC × 106/μL | 4.7 (0.4) | 4.7 (0.3) |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 14.4 (1.1) | 14.4 (0.8) |
| Hematocrit, % | 43.2 (6.6) | 43.1 (2.2) |
| Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), fL | 91.6 (3.8) | 91.3 (4.1) |
| Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), % | 33.2 (0.9) | 33.4 (0.7) |
| Red cell distribution width (RDW), % | 13.2 (0.7) | 13.0 (1.1) |
| Platelet count × 103/μL | 225.6 (37.9) | 233.0 (57.6) |
| Neutrophils, % | 61.7 (5.6) | 66.0 (6.9)b |
| Lymphocytes, % | 25.4 (6.0) | 23.2 (5.7) |
| Monocytes, % | 8.5 (1.9) | 7.4 (1.3) |
| Eosinophils, % | 2.9 (1.5) | 2.5 (1.4) |
| Basophils, % | 1.0 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.4)b |
| Neutrophil × 103/μL | 3.9 (1.0) | 4.6 (1.2) |
| Lymphocytes × 103/μL | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.6 (0.5) |
| Monocytes × 103/μL | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.5 (0.1) |
| Eosinophils × 103/μL | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.2 (0.1) |
| Basophils × 103/μL | 0.1 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) |
| T cell panel | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) |
| CD3+, % | 70.5 (7.1) | 71.3 (8.5) |
| CD3+/μL | 1162.7 (456.9) | 1123.2 (360.6) |
| CD4+, % | 50.9 (7.2) | 49.2 (11.0) |
| CD4+/μL | 835.9 (320.9) | 769.4 (263.6) |
| CD8+, % | 18.9 (6.4) | 21.3 (8.1) |
| CD8+/μL | 316.3 (183.2) | 342.6 (195.6) |
| CD4+/CD8+ Ratio | 3.1 (1.0) | 2.9 (1.1) |
| % Teff/CD4+ | 1.1 (0.4) | 1.1 (0.4) |
| % α4β7 Integrin+/Teff | 8.3 (3.5) | 14.5 (10.6)b |
| % Treg/CD4+ | 5.4 (1.2) | 5.4 (1.3) |
| % FOXP3+/CD4+ | 8.9 (2.8) | 8.7 (2.6) |
| % CD39+/Treg | 55.8 (15.8) | 41.6 (23.8)c |
| % α4β7 Integrin+/Treg | 6.2 (2.1) | 8.6 (3.0)b |
n/a not applicable
a Demographic information obtained from controls and patients at the time of enrollment were used
b P < 0.05
c P ≤ 0.10 by Mann–Whitney U test