Fig. (4).

Decreased reactive astrocytes and active microglia in Tg-5xFAD mice by RF-EMF exposure. A. Immunofluorescence staining of GFAP (green) and DAPI (blue) in the hippocampus (CA1 region) and entorhinal cortex of brain sections from WT and Tg-5xFAD mice following RF-EMF exposure. Scale bar: 100 μm. B. Western blotting of Iba1 and GFAP in the hippocampus and cortex lysate. Actin was used as a loading control. Values are presented as the mean ± SEM and analyzed by ANOVA (analysis of variance) and Bonferroni post-hoc test (# p < 0.05 vs. WT-RF(-), * p < 0.05 vs. WT-RF (+), + p < 0.05 vs. Tg-5xFAD-RF (-)).