Table 2.

Lifetime axis I psychiatric disorders of ADHD offspring of parents with BP vs. ADHD offspring of community control parents

Lifetime axis I psychiatric disorder, n (%)	ADHD offspring of parents with BP (n=122)	ADHD offspring of control parents (n=48)	Statistic	P value (Effect Size)
Bipolar spectrum disorders	36 (29.5%)	2 (4.2%)	FET	<0.001 (0.74)
BP-I	9 (7.4%)	0 (0.0%)	FET	0.06 (0.55)
BP-II	4 (3.3%)	1 (2.1%)	FET	>0.9 (0.07)
BP-NOS	23 (18.9%)	1 (2.1%)	FET	0.003 (0.61)
Any depression	69 (56.6%)	13 (27.1%)	χ2= 11.99	0.001 (0.61)
Dysthymic disorder	6 (4.9%)	0 (0.0%)	FET	0.19 (0.45)
Major depressive disorder	39 (32.0%)	7 (14.6%)	χ2=5.27	0.02 (0.42)
Any anxiety disorders	61 (50.0%)	15 (31.2%)	χ2=4.90	0.03 (0.39)
Generalized anxiety disorder	24 (19.7%)	4 (8.3%)	FET	0.11 (0.34)
Separation anxiety disorder	28 (23.0%)	8 (16.7%)	χ2=0.82	0.37 (0.16)
Social phobia	15 (12.3%)	7 (14.6%)	χ2=0.16	0.69 (0.07)
Specific phobia	28 (23.0%)	7 (14.6%)	χ2=1.48	0.23 (0.22)
Panic disorder	11 (9.0%)	1 (2.1%)	FET	0.18 (0.32)
Obsessive-compulsive disorder	8 (6.6%)	2 (4.2%)	FET	0.73 (0.11)
Posttraumatic stress disorder	10 (8.2%)	5 (10.4%)	χ2=0.21	0.65 (0.08)
Disruptive behavior disorders	63 (51.6%)	18 (37.5%)	χ2=2.76	0.10 (0.28)
Oppositional defiant disorder	60 (49.2%)	17 (35.4%)	χ2=2.63	0.11 (0.28)
Conduct disorder	23 (18.9%)	7 (14.6%)	χ2=0.43	0.51 (0.12)
Tic disorders	5 (4.1%)	2 (4.2%)	FET	>0.9 (0.01)
Transient tic disorder	1 (0.8%)	1 (2.1%)	FET	0.49 (0.11)
Chronic tic disorder	2 (1.6%)	2 (4.2%)	FET	0.32 (0.16)
Tourette’s disorder	2 (1.6%)	0 (0.0%)	FET	>0.9 (0.25)
Elimination disorders	34 (27.9%)	6 (12.5%)	χ2=4.52	0.03 (0.39)
Enuresis	32 (26.2%)	5 (10.4%)	χ2=5.06	0.03 (0.42)
Encopresis	6 (4.9%)	1 (2.1%)	FET	0.68 (0.16)
Substance use disorders	21 (17.2%)	6 (12.5%)	χ2=0.57	0.45 (0.13)

ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; BP, bipolar disorder; FET, Fisher exact test; NOS, not otherwise specified