. 2010 Jul 9;3(7):3994–4050. doi: 10.3390/ma3073994

Table 7.

Summary of inorganic antibacterial agents studied in biomedical coating applications.

Inorganic agents		Coatings	Coating methods	Testing bacteria	Note	Ref.
Ag-related agent		TiN/Ag multilayered films	ion beam assisted deposition	E. coli	Antibacterial activity is depending on the modulation period	[284]
		Silver doped perfluoropolyether-urethane coatings	Coating /evapration	P. aeruginosa A. baumannii S. epidermidis	Antibacterial activity is depending on the release of Ag ions	[278]
		TiO₂-Ag coating	Plasma electrolytic oxidation in Ag nanoparticle- contained electrolyte	S. aureus	Possibly, antibacterial activity is due to the close contact of bacteria with Ag particles and the release of Ag ions	[275]
		polyethylene terephthalate implanted with Ag ion	Ion beam implantation	S. epidermidis	Ag exists in the form of Ag₂CO₃ and Ag₂O	[281]
		Poly(vinyl alcohol) / AgNO₃	Solution/evaporation	E. coli and S. aureus	Ag ions can release from the composite coating	[276]
		Silver doped SiO₂ film	Sol-gel	E. coli and S. aureus	Reduction of Ag⁺ ion is affected by the annealing temperature	[272]
Non-Ag agent	F	F^--implanted titanium	Ion implantation	P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans	Antibacterial activity was supposed to be caused by the formation of a metal fluoride complex on the surfaces	[282]
	C	Carbon film	Plasma sputtering for H-free film Chemical vapor deposition for α-C:H film	E. coli	α-C:H film showed relatively poor antibacterial activity compared with hydrogen-free carbon films	[283]
	TiO₂	TiO₂ film	plasma source ion implantation followed by annealing	A. actinomycetemcomitans F. nucleatum	Antibacterial activity is due to the photocatalytic bactericidal effect	[284]
		TiO₂ film	A flame-assisted CVD to deposit SiO₂, and thermal APCVD to deposit TiO₂	E. coli		[277]
		DLC films containing TiO₂ nanoparticles	plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition	E. coli	Enhanced antibacterial activity are contributed by the increased hydrophilicity and the decreased interfacial energy of bacteria adhesion	[285]
	ZnO	ZnO coated glass	Ultrasonic irradiation	E. coli and S. aureus	The antibacterial activity is due to the generation of the reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) products	[286]